Top Ten Buildings in Beijing

In 1950s, the top ten buildings in Beijing were the Great Hall of the People, the Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of Chinese Revolution (both in the same building, namely the National Museum of China), the China People's Revolutionary Military Museum, the National Cultural Palace, national hotel, the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, the Overseas Chinese Building (demolished and now rebuilt), the Beijing Railway Station, the National Agricultural Exhibition Hall and the Beijing Workers Stadium.

(Among them, in the selection of 1959, the Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of Chinese Revolution belong to the same building, and the building is divided into north and south parts, with the Museum of Chinese History in the south and the Museum of Chinese Revolution in the north; 1969 After the merger of the two museums, it was renamed the Museum of Chinese Revolutionary History. 1June, 983, the independent organizational system was resumed. In 2003, it was merged and reorganized into the National Museum of China. )

The "Top Ten Buildings in Beijing" in 1950s was also the top ten buildings in China at that time. It is a gift project for the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) 10 anniversary. In order to welcome the 10 anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Central People's Government decided to build the National Day project including the Great Hall of the People in the capital Beijing. Because the plan generally includes 10 large-scale projects, it is also called "Top Ten Buildings". 1On September 6th, 958, Wan Li, then vice mayor of Beijing, convened a meeting of more than 0,000 construction workers in Beijing to give a mobilization report on the National Day project. In addition to organizing 34 design units in Beijing, more than 30 architectural experts from Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou and other places were invited to jointly create a plan in Beijing. Construction experts, professors, workers and citizens all put forward their own suggestions. People put forward 400 plans for various projects, including 84 plan plans and 189 facade plans in the Great Hall of the People alone, and put forward various planning opinions for Tiananmen Square in combination with the project. 1February, 959, and finally determined the "Top Ten National Day Projects" at that time.

Premier Zhou Enlai put forward the principle of "everything for our own use", and the elites in the national construction industry adopted the unconventional "trilateral" working method (design, material preparation and construction), and completed the whole process from design to completion with high quality within 10 month. The creative thinking is basically free, without avoiding the criticized big roof model (National Agricultural Exhibition Hall) or excluding the West. At that time, China was under the western economic blockade, which was actually an independent exploration of modern architectural creation by China architects under closed conditions. However, under the level of economic and social development at that time, it was impossible to produce a general climax of architectural creation.

[Edit this paragraph] Section 2 (1988)

In the 1980s, the top ten buildings in Beijing were New Beijing Library (now National Library), China International Exhibition Center, Central Color TV Center, Capital International Airport Terminal (Terminal 2), Beijing International Hotel, Grand View Garden, Great Wall Hotel, China Theatre, China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall and Beijing Subway Dongsishitiao Station.

The "Top Ten Buildings in Beijing" selected in 1980s 1988 seemed ignorant and naive after the opening of the country. This year's "Top Ten Buildings in Beijing" was voted by 230,000 people. Selected buildings, such as Central Color TV Center, Capital Airport Terminal, Beijing International Hotel, China International Exhibition Center, Great Wall Hotel, etc. , are basically modernist style, although the techniques are different. The Great Wall Hotel, which used full-mirror glass as its maintenance system for the first time in China, may be a work close to the international trend at that time. The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall, the New Beijing Library and the China Theatre are obviously compromise works of the integration of China's modernist architecture and traditional big roof architecture. Grand View Garden is a newly-built traditional garden in China. In the 1980s, the "Top Ten Buildings in Beijing" made great progress in architectural technology and made new explorations in design techniques, but the overall features of the new buildings they represented in Beijing at that time showed obvious problems. For the historic city of Beijing, modernization is a "double-edged sword". On the one hand, the degree of internationalization of Beijing is constantly improving; On the other hand, the traditional cultural personality of the imperial capital has been blurred, and "four unlike" buildings can be seen everywhere.

[Edit this paragraph] Section III (200 1)

The top ten buildings in Beijing in the 1990s are Central Radio and Television Tower, National Olympic Sports Center and Asian Games Village, Beijing New World Center, Beijing Botanical Garden Exhibition Greenhouse, Tsinghua University New Library, Office Building of Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Beijing Henderson Center, Sun Dongan Market, International Finance Building and Xindu Library.

The selection activities are sponsored by the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, the Beijing Municipal Construction Commission, the Propaganda Department of the Beijing Municipal Committee, and undertaken by the Beijing Urban Planning Society. The 30 candidate buildings preliminarily evaluated by experts actually have their own characteristics. Compared with the top ten buildings in 1950s and 1980s, it has a more dynastic sense, from which we can appreciate the efforts and progress made by architects on the architectural road in China. The selection of the top ten buildings gives domestic architects an opportunity to stop and look back, and at the same time calmly think about their positioning in the field of architecture at home and abroad. The top ten buildings were selected according to five criteria: first, all large-scale public buildings (excluding residential buildings and apartment buildings) in Beijing, with a construction area exceeding 654.38+0.0988 1.00 to August 30, 2000; Second, the architectural design must conform to the principle of "applicability, economy and beauty" and reflect the national tradition, local characteristics and the spirit of the times; Third, it should be in harmony with the surrounding buildings and environment; Fourth, the quality of the project is excellent; Fifth, advanced technology.

2001May 15, the top ten buildings in Beijing in the 1990s were selected and announced. In the 1990s, when the third "Top Ten Buildings in Beijing" was selected, "national tradition, local characteristics and spirit of the times" were taken as important criteria, hoping to lead the architectural design to the direction of "reappearing the style of the ancient capital".

Judging from the selection results, more than half of the selected works of "Top Ten Buildings in Beijing" in the 1990s tried to give consideration to the dual demands of "sense of the times" and "China characteristics". New Capital Library, Beijing Henderson Center, Beijing New World Center and Sun Dong 'an Market are all striving to realize the integration of modern technology and figurative traditional architectural symbols.

During this period, the construction volume was further expanded. By 200 1, the annual completed area has increased from 8.4 million square meters in the 1980s to 25.55 million square meters. On the one hand, the booming construction market provides architects with the creative opportunities and platforms they dream of; On the other hand, the western post-modern architectural trend of thought has had a great influence on China. At this time, the western world has entered the post-industrial society, and the architectural trend of thought has turned to postmodernism, slamming the shortcomings of modernism. However, China is still making up lessons for the industrialization process and has not fully understood the true meaning of modernist architectural thought.

[Edit this paragraph] Fourth session (2009)

[1] On the morning of March 3, 2009, the selection of "Top Ten Contemporary Buildings in Beijing" officially kicked off. This time, there are 50 candidate works, and the citizens and experts jointly voted to select the top ten buildings, and an award ceremony will be held before the National Day in 2009. The Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee, Beijing State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and Beijing Municipal Construction Committee are the supporting units of this selection activity, sponsored by Beijing Daily Newspaper Group and Beijing Construction Industry Federation, and jointly undertaken by Beijing Daily, Beijing Evening News and Capital Construction Newspaper. This activity is another "beauty contest" of Beijing architecture after the selection of the top ten buildings in Beijing in the 1950s, 1980s and 1990s. The number of candidate architectural works will also reach 50, which is the highest in previous selection activities.

The theme of the "Top Ten Contemporary Buildings in Beijing" selection activity is to publicize the achievements of reform and opening up and highlight the charm of Beijing.

The top ten contemporary buildings in Beijing are all housing construction projects completed and put into use from 2000 to 2008; Moreover, it is a single building with a building scale of more than 50,000 square meters (except memorial buildings). Priority is given to construction projects that fully embody the three concepts of green, science and technology and humanities, and projects that have won the Beijing Great Wall Cup and the National Quality Award. According to the person in charge of the competition, the "volume" of the participating buildings is much larger than the previous three times, and more than 100 buildings meet the competition standards. After the first round of screening by experts, 50 candidate projects were left.

Different from the previous selection, readers' voting changed from simple voting through print media to online voting and mobile phone voting using Beijing Daily and official website. In addition, this selection adopts a combination of reader voting and expert voting. Among them, readers' voting accounts for 60% of the total score, and experts' voting accounts for 40% of the total score. According to the person in charge of the organizing Committee of the event, in order to ensure the fairness and justice of the event, the counting of votes cast by the masses was entrusted to a professional counting company, and a notary office was hired to notarize the whole event.

The selection activity set up an expert selection committee of more than 20 people, who came from relevant government departments, design units, construction units and supervision units in Beijing, and many of them directly participated in the design and construction of several landmark buildings in Beijing.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that in 2007, there was another selection of "Top Ten New Landmarks in Beijing". The event was sponsored by the Beijing News, and the selection scope included the urban space landscape that has had a significant impact on Beijing's urban construction and citizens' life since 1990. Being selected as a "new landmark" is not limited to excellent buildings. The greatest significance of this activity is to arouse public attention to Beijing landmarks and contemporary architecture. Finally, the National Stadium (Bird's Nest), Beijing West Railway Station, National Grand Theatre, Qianmen Street after renovation, Houhai Bar Street, International Trade Phase III, Xihuan Square, Financial Street, CCTV Headquarters Building and Zhongguancun West are on the list. The selection is recommended by experts and finally voted by the masses. Niu Fengrui, director of Urban Development and Environment Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Yang Baojun, chief planner of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, were invited to select 72 alternative landmarks. Subsequently, the famous column of the Beijing News, Geography of Beijing, reported these 72 landmarks for 22 consecutive issues, during which * * * received 7284 1 ticket from citizens.

The results of the "Top Ten Contemporary Buildings in Beijing" were announced on September 24th, 2009. A number of Olympic venues such as the National Stadium ("Bird's Nest"), the National Aquatics Center ("Water Cube") and the National Gymnasium have been selected as the top ten new buildings in Beijing.

From high to low, Terminal 3 of Capital Airport, National Stadium, National Grand Theatre, Beijing South Railway Station, National Swimming Center, Capital Museum, Beijing TV Center, National Library (Phase II), Beijing New Poly Building and National Gymnasium were awarded the title of "Top Ten Contemporary Buildings in Beijing". According to Xun, secretary-general of the Organizing Committee of "Top Ten Contemporary Buildings in Beijing", during the 22-day voting period for readers, the organizing committee received 971.1.00 million votes in print media, short messages and online voting, and the online voting alone exceeded 9 million. This is 15 times of the 630,000 votes collected by 1999 when it selected the top ten buildings in the 1990s. "This reflects from one side that people pay more attention to the buildings around them and the face of the city." It is understood that the newly selected top ten buildings in Beijing are all housing construction projects completed and put into use from 2000 to 2008, and they are all single buildings with a construction scale of more than 50,000 square meters (except memorial buildings). Experts who participated in the selection said that all the top ten contemporary buildings in Beijing were completed after 2005, of which six were completed in 2008, and four directly served the Olympic Games. Xun said that in 2000, especially after Beijing's successful Olympic bid, Beijing's urban construction entered a period of large-scale and rapid development. Many world-renowned architects gathered in Beijing to participate in the design and construction of Beijing's urban construction. With the rise of various architectural works, Beijing has almost become the "World Architecture Museum". "The selection of the top ten new buildings is to strengthen the influence of Beijing's urban construction, establish a good image of Beijing as an international metropolis, and increase the sense of honor and pride of Beijing citizens."