In the traditional green landscape painting

In fact, I heard of the painting "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" a long time ago, only in the state of knowing. I don't even know who the painter is. It was not until last year that CCTV launched the cultural exploration program National Treasure, and as one of the "guests", "Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" unlocked its "previous life" that I learned more about this painting. It happened that this time our group.

As Vincent Fang wrote in the song "A Thousand Miles of Danqing": "The youthful and magnificent Danqing was only engraved with legends in the lush years of mountains and rivers, but it was never mentioned in the history books." There is no author's seal on the map of thousands of miles across the country. As for its author, it is Ximeng. We know from Cai Jing's brief postscript mentioned at the end of his volume. After painting Cai Jing, he said, "April 1st of the third year was given to Zheng He. Ximeng is eighteen. He used to study painting and was called to China Library. The number of paintings is not very hard. Knowing that its nature can be taught, I taught it and taught myself. No more than half a year old, but this is the way to get in. I went to Jiazhi because I gave it to the minister Beijing, saying that all scholars in the world are doing it. " As for his surname, it was put forward by Luo Song in a poem in the Qing Dynasty: "Xuanhe is dedicated to Wang Ximeng, and the son of heaven personally handed down meticulous brushwork. If you enter the picture, you will die, and you will be heartbroken. " As for how he knew Simon's surname was Wang, there is no way to know. At that time, Wang Ximeng was the only talented person in the history of China painting who was famous for one painting. However, there is no record of him in the history books. All we know about him is Cai Jing's inscription and other circumstantial evidence. Wang Ximeng's life experience is still a mystery. No one knows where Wang Ximeng went after painting this masterpiece. When did he die? He is short and bright, just like a meteor that breaks through the night sky.

"A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" is made of a whole silk painting, and the whole volume is 5.46 meters long. Without the seal of the author, there are poems written by Qianlong, followed by the postscript written by Cai Jing in the Song Dynasty and the title written by Li Puxian in the Yuan Dynasty. Open the head of the scroll and you can see several vermilion seals and poems at the beginning of the scroll. Open the top of the first mountain, go straight into the sky, and then the mountains are continuous, majestic, and the scenery changes and gradually gets better. In the form of a long scroll, the work is based on tradition and the picture is nuanced. The misty rivers and rolling mountains constitute a wonderful landscape map of the south of the Yangtze River. The static scenes such as fishing village, wild city, waterside pavilion, thatched cottage and Shuimo Long Bridge are interspersed with dynamic scenes such as fishing, sailing, playing and market, and the combination of dynamic and static is just right. In the characterization of this work, it is extremely nuanced and lifelike. With a flick of his hand, the birds fly high.

Chinese painting originated from primitive human aesthetic activities of all things in nature. At this time, the picture mainly adopts line drawing, which is concise, powerful and vivid. In the Qin dynasty, there was a combination of color and line painting; Religious painting prevailed in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it was advocated that painting should be "vivid"; The prosperous period of China's painting was in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the high development of his painting art was reflected in the types and techniques of painting. There are many kinds of paintings, and the painting techniques such as "a hundred schools of thought contend", "golden landscape" and "ink landscape" are prevalent; Song continued to develop. Because of Song Taizu's "drinking poison to quench thirst", he separated the general power from the political power and entered the civil society, and the status of literati was very high. Because emperors, generals and local officials have rich cultural attainments and pursue higher artistic enjoyment, painting art has entered a new realm. The imperial court set up the Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute in the palace, and absorbed painters through the examination, resulting in "institutional painting", which is characterized by rigor and meticulous, paying attention to statutes, and most of the works are watched by the emperor. Wang Ximeng is a member of Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute, and his "A Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers" can be said to be the representative of landscape painting and genre painting. His works take "man and society" as the theme, absorbing and drawing lessons from the primary color language of green landscape in Jin and Tang Dynasties, absorbing and blending the essence of tradition, the color of Jin and Tang Dynasties and Dong Yuan's pen and ink, and forming a unique painting style.

In fact, what attracts me most is the use of colors on the picture scroll. Wang Ximeng inherited the painting method of "green mountains and green waters" since Sui and Tang Dynasties, that is, mineral pigments such as azurite and azurite were the main colors, and the colors were decorative and exaggerated appropriately. He sought change in a relatively simple blue-green tone. Although turquoise is the main tone, he pays attention to the change of technique when using color. The color is rich or light, with ochre as the lining, which makes the picture distinct and bright as a gem. Kyanite and azurite are mineral colors and are extremely covered. After layers of covering and dyeing, the objects are dignified and solemn, with a strong sense of hierarchy, which is integrated with the whole picture, gorgeous and not vulgar. In the program "National Treasures", Mr. Haitao, a teacher from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, told us the life story of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains". He explained the painting process of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains". First, the landscape painting is painted into a powder book with ink, and the finished product of this step is an ink draft; On this basis, the ochre color is spread and colored with stone green for fifteen days, and the finished product in this step is head green; Then paint with azurite for fifteen days. This step is the blue stage of thousands of miles of mountains and rivers; Finally, it was painted with alum water, dyed with three alum and nine dyes, and finally became a replica of the "five-color preparation". It is precisely because of this meticulous painting that the talented young Wang Ximeng made the country immortal.

"The scenery is dense, the layout is ingenious, the heavens and the earth are painted in the painting, and the green stories of the mountains and rivers continue one by one. This painting has been handed down for thousands of years without words, and it is dark as a dream. The mountains and rivers in the picture scroll stretch for tens of thousands of miles, lingering in the freehand wind, leaving meticulous brushwork. " Vincent Fang's ci tells the majestic and quaint literary grace of "Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers", explains the unique lofty sentiments and delicacy of teenagers in the painting "Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers", and depicts nature in a magnificent and delicate way, which deserves the praise of "Top Ten Famous Paintings Handed Down from Ancient Times". The talent and mysterious life of the talented young Wang Ximeng also attract us to explore and enter the past life of "Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers".