Articles related to historical records

Life and Death —— The "Life and Death" Complex of Chinese National Spirit

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To be or not to be, this is not only the "noble melancholy" of Hamlet in Shakespeare's works, but also an inseparable complex of China's national spirit. It is this complex that, under the guidance of idealism, generations of national elites pursue the perfection of their belief in survival, and it is this persistent pursuit that stretches the pulse and foundation of China.

In Historical Records of Zhao, Sima Qian, who was humiliated by imprisonment, expressed the "life and death" complex that supported the dignity spirit of the Chinese nation through a section of unofficial history orphaned by Gongsun and Zhao: in times of crisis, for the sake of the country and the world, the deceased was generous and calm, while the living kept on striving for self-improvement and endured humiliation; The Orphan of Zhao is not only the hope of family revival, but also an immortal inheritance of faith. The conclusion of the sentence "The ancestral hall in the Spring and Autumn Period will never be lost in the world" shows the good intentions of generations of historians throughout the ages. Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, believes that the drama "The Orphan of Zhao" is a well-deserved color even in the great tragedy of the world. In18th century, Voltaire adapted it into Orphan of China, which was staged in France. In the play, Voltaire expressed his evaluation of the "life and death" complex of the Chinese national spirit through Genghis Khan's mouth: "Although I want to use weapons against him, I worship his personality ... They have no martial arts, but unify the world according to tradition." In this regard, Goethe once commented that there is "condensed humanity" in China's works. The "life and death" complex of the Chinese national spirit reflected by it, like the western humanists' thinking on the choice of life and death value, shocked the human soul.

As Mr. Lu Xun said, "Since ancient times, we have had people who have worked hard, people who have worked hard, people who have defended the people, and people who have sacrificed their lives for the law ... This is the backbone of China." It is in these people's thoughts that the brilliance of the "life and death" complex of the Chinese national spirit is frequently reflected. Especially at the critical moment that endangers the survival of the Chinese nation, people with such thoughts are even more talented: in order to save the dilemma of internal affairs and diplomacy in the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, who was worried about the world first, resolutely pioneered the reform without fear of personal gains and losses; Wang Anshi, the successor, even swallowed his words, and carried out the reform again with the fearless spirit of "fearless, disobedient and merciless". Even when the national building is about to collapse, they are still trying to save the situation. Wen Tianxiang, who is determined to imitate Cheng Ying's story, tells the eternal swan song of "Who has never died since ancient times, taking Dan Xin as a mirror history". Yuan Chonghuan, a famous anti-Qing scholar, led the troops and became an insurmountable iron chain in Liaodong. Shi Kefa, a famous anti-Qing scholar, was still writing The Last Songzhuang when the country was overthrown. His poem "If you don't meet at home, it will be thousands of miles away. The rock head shed tears and dripped into the bottom of the river. " It is still touching to read so far. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 in the late Qing Dynasty, Tan Sitong calmly said to Liang Qichao: "No traveler, no future; Without the dead, there is no way to summon the future ... "So I left him. A few words give a perfect explanation of the "life and death" complex in the spirit of the Chinese nation-not only for themselves, but also for the heroes inspired by this complex for thousands of years. For thousands of years, inspired by this complex, countless heroes have interpreted the glory of life and death with their own actions and written their epitaphs with the perfection of idealism.

The reason why the Chinese nation attaches great importance to history is that it records the eternal inheritance of the Chinese national spirit and the glory of ancestors' life and death; At the same time, those who betray the interests of the country will always be nailed to the shame column and despised by people. Facing the unprecedented national crisis of the Chinese nation in modern times, patriotic intellectuals in Taiwan Province Province, who had been reduced to Japanese colonies at that time, were still making unremitting efforts to preserve Chinese culture and carry forward the spirit of the Chinese nation. Mr. Lian Heng, a famous historian in Taiwan Province Province, devoted his life to the creation of the general history of Taiwan Province Province. The most direct purpose of his writing is to "keep the national spirit of Hebei and Hebei alive" and maintain the tradition of the Chinese nation in the front line. He said, "The ancients said that the country can be destroyed and history cannot be destroyed." It can be seen that the "life and death" complex of Chinese national spirit is the soul of China's historical historians.

Throughout history, it is with this spirit that the Chinese nation can last forever and the Chinese civilization can last forever. Inspired by this spirit, the awakened Chinese nation will certainly be able to move towards new glory. At present, a handful of "Taiwan independence" elements, out of their narrow mentality, set up numerous obstacles for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, forget their ancestors for their own selfish interests, want to die for the Chinese nation, attempt to split China and challenge the fate of the Chinese nation, including our compatriots in Taiwan Province Province. Although the Chinese nation "has no martial arts, but only unifies the world according to tradition", it is still a tradition in China to dare to make any sacrifice for its dignity. Different from the past, the increasingly powerful China, inspired by unyielding national spirit, will certainly be able to overcome any provocation and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

Article 2 "Patriotic feelings of ancient literati and their promotion of national spirit"

National spirit is a national-led spiritual force formed in the long-term development of a nation, and it is an important factor to determine the quality of a nation. The Chinese nation is a great nation, which has created rich cultural achievements and formed a unique and rich national spirit in the development of more than 5,000 years, which is manifested in loving the motherland, unyielding external forces, being hardworking, brave, optimistic, loving freedom, not afraid of violence, being brave and good at fighting, and so on. This national spirit has played an irreplaceable role in the unity, stability and development of the whole nation and has far-reaching influence beyond the times. China people have always been illusory, and their political thoughts emphasize "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" and attach importance to the national economy and people's livelihood; Academic activities strive to be practical and make the country rich, strong and safe; Classical literature has always attached importance to the realistic tradition; Do things in a down-to-earth manner, work hard, and despise flashy fantasies and empty talk. Therefore, the patriotic feelings of ancient scholars have real content, that is, they can not only be afraid of difficulties and obstacles, but also devote themselves to the material and cultural construction of the motherland; We can also oppose the disintegration of the nation-state, safeguard the unity of all ethnic groups and defend the reunification of the motherland; We can unite with the outside world, share the same enemy, stand up and fight to the death until we completely defeat the aggressors; Can also bravely fight stupidity, promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and promote the prosperity of the motherland. Patriotism, as a great cohesive force and centripetal force, has played an important role in realizing the independence and prosperity of the Chinese nation and promoting social progress.

Patriotism, as the most important cohesion of Chinese national unity, has a wide and far-reaching influence. The Chinese nation has a long tradition of patriotism, and the word "patriotism" appeared in the historical classic "Warring States Policy". [1] There is a saying that "patriotism has a family" in Xun Yue's Han Ji in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Patriotism, which is proud of me and ashamed of me, dare not forget my patriotism, has shaped national heroes from generation to generation, created countless patriotic achievements, and consolidated and condensed into the fine tradition and lofty moral responsibility of the Chinese nation. For example, Liu Zongyuan, a great master, inherited and carried forward the great national spirit. He advocates "the way of saints", takes Confucianism as his own responsibility, cultivates self-cultivation, manages the country with the same family, and flattens the world; He has a passion for his motherland and hometown; He knows right from wrong and hates preaching good. He can not only study hard and write diligently in prosperity, but also overcome difficulties and make a difference in adversity. In particular, Liu Zongyuan's generous kindness and strong sense of hardship not only influenced his life path, lifestyle and literary creation, but also embodied the precious spirit of our nation. In Liu Zongyuan's life, no matter in prosperity or adversity, what he never forgets is kindness and hardship. In his creation, no matter what genre, no matter the works of that period, the main thread that runs through is love and worry. Benevolence and bitterness are mutually causal in Liu Zongyuan's view. Because of kindness, the sense of hardship is stronger; Benevolence is more generous because of worry. His life tragedy can be said to be a tragedy of kindness and suffering. His immortality is also the immortality of kindness and suffering and the immortality of national spirit. Summarizing and inheriting the national spirit embodied by Liu Zongyuan is of practical significance for building a harmonious society, that is, we should attach importance to friendship, match words with deeds, and learn traditional culture. [2]

Writers and works that have great influence on loving the motherland and people in history should be the mainstream of China literature. The patriotic literature in China's classical literature has a unique spiritual temperament, which vividly and profoundly shows the great and unyielding character of the Chinese national tradition, vividly and richly shapes a large number of unique images of national heroes full of sacrifice spirit, always undertakes the historical mission of "the rise and fall of the world, and every man has a responsibility", always adheres to the literary character of sharing the same fate with the nation, and always inspires generations of readers and the broad masses of the people to pursue national liberation, independence and nationality. As the driving force of national development, the cohesion of the Chinese nation not only shows distinct national characteristics, but also shows the inherent quality of keeping pace with the times. The cohesion of different countries and nationalities is the historical accumulation of the long-term development of different politics, economy and culture. The formation and development of the Chinese nation is closely related to the mutual blending of national cultures and the formation of China's overall concept. In the long process of historical development, on the one hand, 56 ethnic groups * * * created Chinese civilization and * * * wrote a glorious history of Chinese culture; On the other hand, each nation makes Chinese culture colorful with its own personality, and shows the convergence and integrity of Chinese culture with its own * * *. It is this close cultural connection and other factors that promote the development of the great Chinese nation, and it is this consanguineous relationship of "blood is thicker than water" that makes the cultural characteristics of classical literature have their own unique national characteristics since its birth. This national characteristic is the spirit of national unity and national unity with patriotism as the core. Patriotism, in turn, makes the people of all ethnic groups in our country stand in the same boat through thick and thin, linking their personal destiny with the destiny of the motherland and the nation, putting the interests of the nation and the country above everything else, thinking that the country is proud of winning glory and striving for national success, and ashamed of endangering the nation and the country and seeking its own self-interest.

The patriotic spirit of resisting the enemy and aggression is an inexhaustible source of cohesion of the Chinese nation and an eternal motive force for safeguarding and defending the national interests of the country. The Chinese nation has always had a strong national self-esteem and will to strive for self-improvement, and has an indomitable spirit of resistance to any foreign aggression. Moreover, the more critical the national survival is, the stronger the national spirit of self-improvement and resistance to enemy aggression becomes, thus condensing into an invincible force, which is enough to overcome all difficulties until the final victory. "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", a long-standing old saying, is a summary of the essence of China's patriotism, and literature is always the expression of real life and the author's deep feelings. During the Warring States Period, there was Qu Yuan's "Mourning for the Country", which praised the warriors who died for the country: "Honesty is brave, and eventually it is strong and unyielding. Physical death, gods, souls! " In the Han Dynasty, in addition to herding sheep in Beihai, in the eighteenth year of Su Wu, there was also Jia Yi who "forgot his family for the country and his personal interests for the public", and Zhuge Liang "did his best until he died"; In the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan "put the worries of the world before the joys of the world", Yue Fei "committed himself to the country, why not do it" and Lu You "dared not forget the worries of the country"; In addition to the heroic historical traces of resisting the Dutch colonists and the Qing Dynasty and their literary manifestations, there are Gu's "Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" and Lin Zexu's "Avoid Misfortunes"; Qiu Jin: "He doesn't care about the success or failure of the years. He relies on his blood to serve the motherland." . ..... This patriotic spirit has been passed down from generation to generation, and the Chinese nation is deeply rooted and can withstand any storms. The spiritual accumulation of thousands of years of struggle has finally built an indestructible Great Wall of national spirit and created a surging volcano of national feelings. History has proved that whenever the survival of the nation is threatened, carrying forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core can unite the whole nation, unite as one, share the same enemy, and persevere in the struggle to defend national dignity and national sovereignty and save the nation from extinction. At this time, despite the fierce contradictions and struggles within the nation, we can also, inspired by the national spirit, "brothers hit the wall, and foreign troops bully the weak and fear the hard", and turn the war into a friendship and mutually assured destruction.

There is a profound internal connection between China literature and Chinese national spirit. In the interaction between literature and national spirit, national spirit can inject original vitality into literary creation, and literary creation can continuously accumulate the vitality of Chinese national spirit. Carrying forward and cultivating Chinese national spirit and prospering China literature are interrelated and mutually promoting. The expression of national spirit and the catharsis of national emotion in China ancient literature have always been very strong. For example, the Chinese nation's hard-working spirit is recognized by the world and has been promoted in our traditional culture. Mencius once cited some people who have become talents through hard training and said, "Therefore, heaven will drop to a great position, so we must first suffer from its ambition, work hard on its bones and muscles, starve its body, and mess with its actions, so forbearance has benefited its body." As the saying goes, it is difficult to grow up without poverty, and it is always naive not to be beaten; Since ancient times, heroes have gone out of purgatory, and wealth has always fallen into dust; Who is drunk and dreams of death, the thin horse golden hammer will wither! Sima Qian summarized it as "Ge Xibo detained Zhouyi" in Bao Ren An Shu; Zhong You wrote Spring and Autumn Annals; Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao. Zuo Qiu is blind and has "Mandarin"; The ruler of the revised version of Sun Tzu's Art of War; It's not Shu, but Lu Lan. Han Fei imprisoned Qin, Difficult and Lonely Anger; There are 300 poems, and the actions of great sages are also angry. "

National emotion is a national psychological experience formed in the relationship with other nationalities due to the same living environment and interests, and it is an important psychological factor that constitutes the national spirit. The national feelings of the Chinese nation have formed the tradition of political ideals of serving the country and sacrificing the ego. It highlights the unique quality of the Chinese nation's self-improvement, and sacrifices personal interests and local interests to safeguard the overall interests and overall interests, thus forming an overall value orientation, which is obvious in classic works. From staying up late in the Book of Songs to Fan Zhongyan's "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", Lin Zexu's "Misfortune is blessed, why can't it be avoided?" They constitute an exciting literary pedigree. Therefore, adhering to national integrity, propagating national consciousness and carrying forward patriotic spirit constitute the basic theme and mainstream of patriotic literature. In Historical Records and Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru created by Sima Qian are of typical significance. Lin Xiangru was fearless in the face of foreign enemies, lived up to its mission, and successfully safeguarded the dignity of the country; In the face of Lian Po's provocation, he said that he should "put the country's urgency first, and put personal enmity behind", showing the gentleman's demeanor of self-sacrifice for the country's righteousness. Lin Xiangru's "winning without a fight" and Lian Po's later "losing the prize naked" are both concrete manifestations of the moral principle of "focusing on the overall situation" that pays attention to national interests. [3] "Han Shu" and "Biography of Su Wu" describe how Su Wu, an envoy of the Han Dynasty, would rather die than surrender and safeguard national integrity in the tough environment of the Huns. According to records, during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Gao Xian, a businessman from the State of Zheng, drove cattle to Luoyang for sale. On the way, I accidentally learned that Qin had sent a large number of troops to attack Zheng. In an emergency, he sent someone back to Zheng overnight to deliver the letter, and tactfully took four cowhide and twelve cows to "welcome" Qin Jun as Zheng's messenger, which surprised him and forced him to give up. Gao Xian is just an ordinary businessman, but his righteous act shows that the long-standing overall tradition of the Chinese nation is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, that is, the promotion of this belief that "the world rises and falls, and every man has a responsibility" will make those villains who are brave in private fighting and afraid of public fighting feel ashamed, which is the charm of classical literature.

The patriotic feelings of ancient scholars are outstanding in that they regard the reunification of the motherland, the rejuvenation of the nation and the realization of moral ideals as the highest level of various needs in life even in adversity. This shows that our ancestors, in the process of tenacious pursuit of lofty spirit, are always associated with the philosophy of life that is constantly striving for self-improvement, that is, the so-called "heavenly key, a gentleman constantly strives for self-improvement." In the article "Letter to Ren", Sima Qian expressed his unfortunate experience with extreme grief and anger, and expressed his infinite inner pain. Sincere feeling, the pain of touching the skin, vividly on the paper, moving people. However, what is even more touching is that even in this case, the author's heart is still full of ideal light. "People are inherently mortal, and when they die, they are heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather, and each has its own uses." In order to die heavier than Mount Tai, Sima Qian finally finished Shi Kuang's masterpiece Historical Records with superhuman perseverance and humiliation. In the classic novel Water Margin, when timely rain Song Jiang was sent to Cangzhou, he still had the ambition of "following Ling in the next year and daring to laugh at Huang Chao's husband". Although it was a drunken remark, who can say that he didn't tell the truth after drinking? Du Fu, the first generation poet, also revealed in the song of autumn wind breaking the thatched cottage that "there are thousands of spacious buildings, and all the poor in the world are happy. I am breaking the moral ideal of freezing to death by myself. Lu You even said: "The lonely village does not feel sorry for itself, but also wants to protect the country and defend the country." "I know everything is empty when I die, but I can't see Kyushu. "How sincere and full of pride. This vigorous and self-reliant spirit and ambitious mind have always inspired upright people to make progress in the long history of China for thousands of years.

The national spirit has been formed for a long time, and national traditions, national culture, moral concepts, customs and psychological characteristics will naturally penetrate into the national spirit. Once patriotic feelings and national feelings are integrated into the blood of countless Chinese descendants, they constitute the character connotation of the Chinese nation. "If the skin doesn't exist, how can the hair be attached?" "How can there be eggs under the cover of the nest?" The perception that life is short but the universe is eternal, and even the thinking about history and life are actually eternal yearning for life, a unique expression of cherishing and loving life, and are closely linked with the motherland in the eyes of ancient literati.