The oldest S is 282 years old this year.

202 1, people's sexual concept and tolerance are becoming more and more open, and bdsm has become a topic that more people want to know. In the vocabulary of many young people, we can find bdsm expressions such as "shake S" or "shake M" after pan-entertainment.

But what you may not know is what kind of historical stories are behind these letters. For example, the earliest "S" refers to a French marquis named "Marquis de Sade"; "M" refers to Massock, the author of Venus in Fur.

Today, with excessive entertainment, I want you to know their stories (this one is about Sade first, then Massock).

It should be pointed out that Marquis de Sade is a man with mixed reputation in real history. When I look up relevant materials, I tend to think that he is a madman, but I will try my best to record his life from an objective, neutral and easy-to-understand perspective-the person who started the bdsm era in the history of literature.

the Bastille

Let's put the clock back to 1789. This year, we are still in a prosperous time, but the other side of the ocean is already undercurrent. This year, Watt successfully built his steam engine, the industrial revolution has been fully launched, and the British colony America has also issued its own declaration of independence. All these indicate that the monarchy in Europe is beginning to loosen, and the noble royal family is about to face great challenges from the bottom people.

On July 9 this year, the then French King Louis XVI dismissed Nick, a representative of the reformists, causing strong dissatisfaction among the people. They spontaneously gathered under the Bastille, which symbolized the feudal monarchy at that time.

Louis XVI

On July 14, more and more people gathered under the Bastille, hoping to capture and overthrow this landmark building, which symbolizes the feudal monarchy and contains a lot of weapons and equipment.

In order to stabilize the situation, Marquis de Lonai, who was in charge of the prison at that time, resolutely put down his royal gesture and invited two representatives of public opinion to lunch to listen to their demands. The situation at that time was greatly alleviated.

But just as they were having lunch, a simple horn made of newspapers and books suddenly came out of the Bastille and shouted for help, claiming that the prison guards were killing prisoners in the prison.

Now people can't sit still any longer. At that time, they were furious and captured the Bastille with their own shovels and hammers.

storming of bastille

At this time, there were only 1 17 guards in the Bastille, and they soon found the man who was talking nonsense with a trumpet. It was Marquis de Sade who was taken in five years ago.

Marquis Nye asked Thad why he said that. He is so comfortable in this noble prison that he can drink red wine every meal, eat duck leg meat and buy books he wants to read indefinitely.

But before Ronai could finish, the angry spear of the people had pierced his chest.

Later, people counted it and found that only seven people were detained in this huge Bastille, all of whom were nobles at that time, and there was no prisoner abuse.

But to no avail. The Bastille disappeared under the sickle of the people, and Sadr was free.

I say this in detail because I think it is a very typical embodiment of Sadr's life core and political position-absolute liberalism that hates all social rules.

For the absolute freedom he wants, he can directly cooperate with any social law that hinders his thoughts. Even if he destroys his aristocratic class, he will not compromise, which is highly praised by Foucault, Flaubert, pasolini and other latecomers. But it is precisely for the absolute freedom that I want that I try my best, even sacrificing other people's lives, and I feel nothing wrong, which makes people shudder and feel disgusted.

In some materials I found, it is said that Marquis de Sade, as an old aristocrat, did not stand with the royal family. On the contrary, he was close to the people at the bottom, and * * * overthrew the Bastille and portrayed him very advanced and positive.

I think this passage is debatable, because the history we see is often written by winners.

A violent childhood

Now let's see what happened to Marquis de Sade, who has been in prison for so many years.

This has to start from his childhood.

Sade's father died when he was young, and his mother joined a monastery. In short, he became a monk, so Sade was essentially raised by a bunch of servants.

Marquis de Sade's father-or Marquis de Sade?

But the identity of master and servant is different after all. Servants all know that the boy will inherit his father's title and become everyone's new master when he grows up, so no one dares to disobey him. They are all afraid that this boy will bear grudges, and if he becomes a master in the future, he will get more than he bargained for.

Therefore, Sadr was very free from childhood and had a solid foundation at home. He can do whatever he wants, and no one dares to resist. He belongs to Xiong Haizi.

I don't know whether what Thad did as a child recorded by unofficial history is true or not. Let's see:

Hiding the blade in the cake and then luring a maid to eat it, Sade was glad to see her mouth full of blood.

Let a maid pee on herself. The maid runs away in fear, grabs it back, whips it, and binds it to a chair to enforce it.

When Thad was thirteen or fourteen years old, the domestic servants couldn't stand it any longer. He came to the monastery and asked his mother to go home and take care of the children.

After his mother came back, he was also a bag, so he was sent to a Jesuit college and received four years of strict discipline. A pastor of the college later said that Sadr suffered severe corporal punishment in this college, which may be the reason why he "indulged in violence for the rest of his life."

The place where Sade went to school is now called Louis the Great Middle School.

Marquis de Sade, dragoons.

After Thaad came of age, France ushered in the "Seven Years' War". This is one of the few highlights in his life. Although the French army was defeated, Sadr made great achievements and became a colonel of the dragoons. After returning home, he inherited his father's title, and became the battlefield-galloping Marquis de Sade.

When he came back, he proposed to the little daughter of a wealthy businessman at that time, preparing for a grand career of combining politics and business, but he was rejected.

I have to say that the background of wealthy businessmen is very hard. He not only rejected Marquis de Sade's proposal to his youngest daughter, but also betrothed his already weak eldest daughter to him.

This sudden change made Marquis de Sade despair at once, but he dared not disobey. After all, the other person is more prominent than himself, so he had to complain in his autobiography:

"If marriage takes its place, time will only bring thorns."

Crocodile castle

Shortly after marriage, Marquis de Sade suffered setbacks in his marriage and career, so he had the idea of running away. 1766, he went to provence and began to build a castle named "lacoste", which was widely regarded as the prototype of his later controversial masterpiece "Sodoma 120 days".

Lacoste Castle Ruins

This is easy to understand. Outside lacoste, he was frustrated, lonely and restrained everywhere. In lacoste, he is the king of this castle and does whatever he wants. The feeling of "absolute freedom" in childhood is back.

It should be pointed out that Europe at that time was no longer slavery, and the relationship between master and servant was more like the employment relationship under the market economy. You pay, I work, that's all.

But not in lacoste Castle. Sadr's tyrannical desire made him regard his servants as real slaves and private property that he could dispose of at will.

At that time, there was a maid named Rochelle. She thinks that being a servant is nothing more than sweeping the floor and washing clothes. Unexpectedly, on the second day after entering the castle, Sade tied her to a stool on the grounds that she had made a mistake, cut a wound on her skin with a knife, then dropped wax oil on the wound, and then forced her to have sex with five footmen.

Sadr sex scandal

Rochelle quickly escaped from the castle and fled back to his hometown. It's hard to imagine her father seeing his daughter, thinking that her daughter has a bright future in a big city, but when he saw him, he was naked and scarred.

It is impossible to know what kind of sad choices the father has experienced. The only available information is that in 1777, a father pretended to apply for a job, entered lacoste Castle alone, raised his gun less than 5 meters away from Marquis de Sade, and then pulled the trigger without hesitation.

But the gun didn't go off, just like fate, the bullet got stuck.

What happened to this father? There is no record. A father's despair was thus lightly concealed in the dust of history.

Although Marquis de Sade escaped, the local police began to pay attention to and monitor him because of his sex scandal, but Sadr was a prominent old aristocrat. Although the tiger falls in Pingyang, it is the dual title of rank+marquis. If there is no shocking accusation, the police really can't move him, and they can only issue some warnings and other orders to make Sade converge.

At the same time, Thad began to show his amazing literary talent in lacoste Castle, just like the tyrant's version of cowardly Li Houzhu. While playing with servants, call girls and actors despotically, Sade seems to get rid of all the rules and his literary creation is unrestrained. In just a few years, there is a feeling that he has been transformed between the lines.

His works directly attack the darkest side of human nature, challenges, religion, law and gender traditional concepts. For example, in his novel "The Crime of Love", he crazily described the process of a lover making a wax figure for his loved one for permanent appreciation.

This shocked almost all readers at that time, and many writers and philosophers spoke highly of the bridge. Jacques Lacan thinks that this description expresses Sadr's satire on traditional love morality, which is a surreal declaration, while Yukio Mishima thinks that Sadr used pornographic means to provoke and subvert the prevailing moral values of his time. This classic bridge has also been widely used for reference by later generations in films such as The Wax Museum of Terror.

Stills from the Horror Wax Museum

But as Sade got bigger and bigger, the police finally caught his little tail.

120 days

1778, Thad was arrested for having homosexual sex with three footmen, which was a felony of "contempt for the gods" at that time. In the same year, Sade was sentenced to death for "sodomy".

Sade is in the cell.

On the eve of being pushed to the guillotine, Sadr's "deadly" talent came into play again. This time, Sade's wife's sister came to save him.

Yes, the little girl who proposed before and was rejected by her father.

I want to say, what kind of love is it to make wax figures? Forbearing for many years, he resolutely abandoned all wealth and status when his brother-in-law was dying, and resolutely accompanied him to escape from prison, regardless of the green light above his sister's head. This tm is immortal love.

The youngest daughter fled with Sade, or eloped, and fled from France to Italy.

However, just a few months after he escaped, Sade received the news that his mother was seriously ill, and he wanted to go back to France to see her for the last time. Who knows this is a trap set by the French police. Sadr, who had just stepped into French soil, was arrested again and put into Vincent prison to continue his execution.

But coincidentally, it was during these months that the seeds of the French Revolution began to erupt, and the monarchy that ruled France for centuries was attacked by civilians and left-wing groups. In order to win the support of more conservatives, Louis XVI promulgated many laws that favored the old nobles, including: exemption from the death penalty.

Ah, just because we absconded for a few months, our Marquis de Sade caught up with a good time again, and at the last minute, we didn't have to die.

But capital crime can be avoided, and living crime is inevitable.

1784, Sadr was transferred to the Bastille and began his long and endless journey of life imprisonment.

I'm afraid all normal people have experienced these ups and downs, but Sade has not. On the contrary, he broke out a more extraordinary desire to write in the Bastille. In his second year in prison, he finished the manuscript of that impressive work-Sodoma 120 Days.

Here is a brief introduction to this work that almost subverts all human moral systems. It was made into a film by Italy's controversial PierPaoloPasolini in 1975, and was banned in Italy less than two months later, and then in the United States. Similarly, it was soon banned.

The poster of that movie.

Many moviegoers said that watching this film made them suffer extreme psychological torture, but at the same time, many film critics and artists expressed their appreciation. In 2006, this film was rated as "the first of the top ten forbidden films of mankind" because of its challenging viewing process and the artistry that had to be admitted.

The film depicts four powerful families, who agree to imprison each other's daughters and unify adultery and incest. They must be naked forever as the first step of this degenerate alliance.

This film is full of bloody scenes of killing women and children, so it is resisted by almost all mainstream countries.

We have been unable to explore why Marquis de Sade wrote this work, because according to his situation at that time, he knew that he would spend the rest of his life in prison and could not be published, but he wrote it anyway. Maybe he was just bored and recorded everything he could find in his mind, which was extremely evil human nature.

But this is fate, Thad himself did not expect that he would wait until the fall of the Bastille, the Great Revolution, Napoleon, the new regime and freedom.

He told the Coalition government that he supported the new regime, supported the Republic and was willing to be a good citizen. Although it is hypocritical, it is very useful. The new regime was also very generous, and even gave him a vacant position-the head of a manor.

He should spend the rest of his life here, but his heart is still burning with a blazing fire of creation. During his tenure as a director, he published several pornographic novels anonymously, which sold well because of his excellent literary skills.

However, a movie Justin and Juliet was inadvertently read by the then French ruler Napoleon because of its strong political metaphor. He was furious and ordered to find out the author of the book.

Justin and Juliet

Not easy to find out. At that time, no one could write a detailed description of this kind of violent abuse, a large-scale description of freedom without a bottom line, and a concept of freedom beyond the understanding of normal people for centuries. It's you.-thad.

S

180 1 year, only two years later, Sadr was jailed again, this time, even without trial. Of course, fate no longer cares for him. Napoleon personally ordered the confiscation of all the papers and pens in the prison, and Marquis de Sade was not allowed to write anything during his life imprisonment.

This is worse than killing him. He recited his hard-won inspiration over and over again, but he often couldn't sleep and forgot the words he thought hard about the day before yesterday. He carved the words on the prison wall with his nails, but when he was found, the jailer shoveled them off directly.

In this way, he endured for two years. 1803, he suddenly lost his mind in prison and was rushed to Charnington mental hospital. Here, finally no one will take his paper and pen. He writes, writes and writes, but he is famous. No one cares what he wrote, and no one wants to see what he wrote. Everyone knows that he is an antisocial madman.

18 14, wrote in a mental hospital for another ten years, and finally said goodbye to this world. He tidied up all the manuscripts of these years and named them "A Journey to wrobel" and gave them to his son, Donatian Sade.

His son didn't even take the manuscript out of the mental hospital, but turned and threw it into the brazier and burned it.

Then, his son hid his name and escaped the prejudice brought by the name "Sade", which will be passed down from generation to generation. In the same year, Napoleon's government ordered the ban on all Sadr's works and the suspension of literary performances based on his works.

Until the middle of the 20th century, a young man named Xavier De discovered that his warehouse actually contained the Sadr family genealogy and all Marquis de Sade's articles, which led him to speculate that he might be a descendant of Marquis de Sade.

1885 When Sade was almost forgotten by the world, German psychologist Richard von Kraft-Ebin published a book called Psychopathy, which created the terms "sadistic tendency" and "masochistic tendency".

Sade, Sade, abbreviated as "S"

Professional tutor WeChat: xllx577 Note: sm at that time was not the same as bdsm we are proposing now. The sm summarized by Ebin is more similar to Sadr's simple sadism or masochism addiction, which was treated as a mental illness at that time. 1929, Havelock, a British psychologist, founded the concept of modern bdsm and pointed out the internal reaction between moderate pain and happiness.

It was not until around 1990 that the theoretical basis of modern bdsm took shape and became the intimate behavior of bdsm that we talk about every day. It is based on SSC (Safe, Rational and Informed Consent) principle. For details, please refer to the article: SSC: the principle that BDSM pioneers should defend even in prison.

References:

Marquis de Sade (1999). Richard Seaver (editor). Letters from prison. New york: Arcade Press. ISBN 978- 1559 704 1 13。

Marshall, Peter. , 1946-(20 10). Demandism: Historicism. Oakland, California: pmpress.pp.147 _148. ISBN 978- 1-60486-064- 1。 OCLC 3 1950 136 1。

John Phillips, 2005, Marx: A Brief Introduction to Averi Short, Oxford University Press, ISBN0- 19-280469-3.

Rebellious, perverted, rapisthero? London, England: Independent Printing Co., Ltd. 14 1 1 20th of the month14. Search 10 1 1 month 20 18.