The Origin and Development of China Traditional Food jiaozi?

Jiaozi has a very long history. In its long development process, there are many names, such as "prison pill", "flat food", "jiaozi bait" and "pink horn" in ancient times. It was called "Crescent Moon Wonton" in the Three Kingdoms period and "Wonton" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. ...

Jiaozi has a very long history. In its long development process, there are many names, such as "prison pill", "flat food", "jiaozi bait" and "pink horn" in ancient times. It was called "Crescent Wonton" in the Three Kingdoms Period, "Wonton" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, "Crescent Wonton" in the Tang Dynasty, "Jiao" in the Song Dynasty and "Flat Food" in the Yuan Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty called it "Jiaozi".

origin

Jiaozi originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was initiated by Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage. At that time, jiaozi was used as a medicine, and Zhang Zhongjing wrapped some cold-dispelling herbs in dough to treat diseases (mutton, pepper, etc. ) to avoid frostbite of patients' ears. During the Three Kingdoms period, jiaozi has become a kind of food, known as "Crescent Wonton". This kind of food is mentioned in the book Guangya written by Wei. According to "Guangya" written by Zhang Yi, wei ren of the Three Kingdoms, there was a crescent-shaped food called "wonton" at that time, which was basically similar to jiaozi.

Southern and Northern Dynasties

By the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wonton had been "shaped like a crescent moon, and it was delicious all over the world". Presumably, when jiaozi cooked it, he didn't take it out and eat it alone, but put it in a bowl with the soup, so people called jiaozi "wonton" at that time. This way of eating is still popular in some areas of China. For example, when people from Henan and Shaanxi eat jiaozi, they should put some small ingredients such as coriander, chopped green onion, shrimp skin and leek in the soup.

the Tang Dynasty

By the Tang Dynasty, jiaozi had become almost the same as jiaozi today, and they were all fished out and put on plates to eat. Also known as "Crescent Moon Wonton". There are 229 kinds of jiaozi in Baijiao Garden, which are divided into ten series, including vegetarian stuffing, aquatic products, wild vegetables, health care and seafood.

Song dynasty

Jiaozi was called "Joule" in Song Dynasty, which is the etymology of the word "Jiaozi" in later generations. This kind of writing can still be seen in the following Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called "dried meat with double horns".

Jiaozi was introduced into Mongolia in Song Dynasty. Jiaozi spread to Mongolia, and was soon influenced by the uninhibited character of Mongolian compatriots. Jiaozi's pronunciation in Mongolian is similar to "Bian Shi". Jiaozi's style has also changed from thin stuffing to thick stuffing. With the conquest of the Mongolian empire, flat food also spread to all parts of the world. There are Russian jiaozi, Kazakh jiaozi, Korean jiaozi and other varieties. The Mongol Empire made great contributions to the spread of China and jiaozi to the whole world. Books in the Ming Dynasty also confirmed this point. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Shenbang's "Wan Bu Miscellaneous Notes" recorded: "New Year's Day, New Year's greetings, making plaque food." Liu Ruoyu's "Proceedings" records: "Eating fruit snacks is also a plaque on the first day of the New Year's Day." It can be seen that eating flat food in the north of Ming Dynasty has replaced eating jiaozi, rice cakes and other foods in the New Year.

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Some new names about jiaozi appeared in Qing Dynasty, such as "jiaozi", "Water Snack" and "Boiled Bean". The increase of jiaozi's name indicates that its spreading area is expanding, and the custom of eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival has become quite popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Generally, jiaozi should wrap it up before midnight (it is now 23: 00 p.m.) and eat it at midnight. At this time, it is the beginning of the first day of the first lunar month. Eating jiaozi means "making friends when you are young", and "Zi" is homophonic with "jiaozi", which means "reunion" and "good luck".

According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty: "On New Year's Day, when people are happy, they will get together and leave, such as eating flat food and taking the meaning of young friends." He also said: "Every year on the first day of the Lunar New Year, no matter rich or poor, white bread jiaozi is used, which is called cooking cakes, and it is the same all over the country. A rich family is hidden in gold and silver treasures. If it succeeds, those who provide food for their families will be lucky in the end. " This shows that people eat jiaozi in the Spring Festival, which means good luck, to show that they will bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. "Clear Money", edited by best friend Tsui Hark, said: "There is stuffing in it, or powder horn-both steamed and fried can be eaten, and the boiled soup is called jiaozi." And "the first day of the first month to the fifth day is the fifth day. In the old case, jiaozi drinks water for five days and makes cakes every day." With commercialization and population mobility, the south is also learning the traditional culture of the north. If you don't eat jiaozi on holidays, the brand "Auntie jiaozi" appears in Changzhou. In Guangdong, some immigrant cities such as Zhuhai, Dongguan and Shenzhen have gradually adopted the custom of eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival. In addition, there is a custom of eating jiaozi in Fujian and Hakka areas, but this is not necessary for the New Year or festivals in China.

It is precisely because of China's rich and colorful culture that the diversity of local customs and cultures will be formed. We should learn to recognize and respect differences, promote the harmonious and unified development of China culture, and make the earth culture more unique and diverse.