What is the word for two towels in the oracle bone

Question 1: What does the character for two towels read in the oracle bones, and what does the character at the end read? Thanks eh! The first one is: bamboo

The third one is: car

Question 2: What is cross-cultural awareness? In my opinion, intercultural awareness is to have a full and correct understanding of the cultural phenomena, customs, habits, etc. that are different from or in conflict with the national culture, and on this basis, to accept and adapt to a tolerant attitude tripod.

At present, the promotion of cross-cultural awareness is mainly in the field of foreign language learning, because the language is the carrier of culture, if you leave the culture of learning language is difficult to learn the essence of a language, it is also difficult to improve their own and the object of the country people's actual ability to communicate; on the contrary, in the understanding of the culture based on the learning of language, many times you can get twice as much result with half the effort.

Question 3: Information on ethnic minorities (say one or two of them) The good neighbors of Miao and Dong - Shui

Shui is one of the ethnic minorities in China. There are 345,993 of them, mainly living in Sandu Shui Autonomous County and Libo, Duyun, Dushan in Qiannan Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Kaili, Liping, Rongjiang, Congjiang and other counties in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province, with a few scattered in the western part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

The settlement of the Shui is located in the south of the Miaoling Mountains in the southeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, in the upper reaches of the Duliu and Long Rivers. With dense forests and picturesque landscapes, it is suitable for the development of agriculture and forestry, and is the home of fish, rice, flowers and fruits on the Guizhou Plateau. The Shui people often describe their hometown as "as beautiful as a phoenix feather" in their folk songs.

The Shui people are engaged in agriculture, mainly rice cultivation, and "Jiuqian wine" is the traditional wine of the Shui people.

The distant ancestors of the Shui people were part of the ancient Baiyue people. In the Tang and Song dynasties, they were collectively called "fang" together with the Zhuang and Dong ethnic groups. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the "Fushui Prefecture" was set up in the region of the Water Tribe. The name of ""族, first appeared in the Ming Dynasty historical records. Qing dynasty, mostly called "water Miao family", "water family" and so on. After the founding of New China, the water tribe was officially named.

The language of the Water Tribe belongs to the water language branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The ancestors of the Shui people had created their own text, called "water book", the shape of which is similar to the oracle bone and gold, but there are only more than 400 single words, and mostly used for witchcraft activities. The Water Tribe has its own calendar, the water calendar and the summer calendar is basically the same, but to the summer calendar in August for the end of the year, September for the beginning of the year.

In China's modern history, the people of the water tribe has written a glorious chapter. 1855 October, Pan Xinjian led the people of the water tribe armed insurrection, put forward the "do not pay food, do not pay taxes, down with the Qing Dynasty to enjoy peace," the loud slogan, adhere to the struggle for 16 years, with the struggle of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 1909 Wu Chaojun led the water, Buyei, Miao and other ethnic groups to rise up, the water, the Miao and other ethnic groups. In 1909, Wu Chaojun led the uprising of the ethnic groups of Shui, Buyei and Miao, and put forward the idea of "exterminating the foreigners and raising the Han Chinese", and carried out anti-foreigner and anti-imperialist and anti-feudalist struggles, which had an important impact on the whole country. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, Deng Enming, the outstanding son of the water tribe people, was the only ethnic minority comrade among the delegates of the First Congress of the People's Republic of China. During the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation, the people of Shui ethnicity also actively participated in the struggles led by the local *** underground party organizations.

Traditional Women's Clothing

The men's clothing of the Shui ethnic group has been the same as that of the Han Chinese since the 1940s, but the women's clothing still retains a distinctive ethnic character. The "Shui Jia Cloth" (i.e. Jiuqian Qing Cloth) woven by Shui women has a fine and even yarn quality, and the dyed blue, blue and green colors are all deep and washable, which has been famous for a hundred years ago. The water tribe's original soybean paste painting printing and dyeing technology, hacking has a history of more than 700 years, and its printing and dyeing products are loved by the masses.

Aqua women's clothing is mostly sewn with water cloth, collarless lapel half-length shirt or long shirt. The long shirts are knee-length and are usually not embroidered with lace. The festival and wedding dress is very different from the usual. Wedding dresses have embroidered flower bands around the shoulders and cuffs of the sleeves and the bend of the knees of the pants, and colorful patterns on the headscarves. A silver crown is worn on the head and a silver collar on the neck. Wrist wearing silver bracelets, chest silver elegant collar, silver earrings, feet wearing embroidered shoes. The bride is often dressed up in floral, elegant. In addition, women's embroidered straps more artistic. Said "belt", in fact, is a piece of embroidery gorgeous "T"-shaped "curtain", the upper end of the two sides of the belt, "curtain The size of the "curtain" can be wrapped around a toddler. It is the white ponytail wrapped around the white silk thread, plus other colors of silk thread, first of all, a variety of patterns were embroidered, and finally the embroidered pattern mosaic to the straps made of fabric. The straps are beautiful and practical, and are the best gift for mothers to give to their married daughters.

Women in the water before the wedding with light blue, green or gray cloth made of plainclothes tunic, blouse more satin for the material. The sleeves of the body of the garment are contracted than in the past, appearing to be close to the sharp curves of the beauty. Chest embroidered long apron, head wrapped in green and white cloth long scarf, elegant and quiet. The cuffs of married women's sleeves, shoulders and trouser legs are decorated with a blue lace. Long hair into a handful of disk on top of the head, from the right side of the comb fixed. Some women in the hijab outside and horizontal tie white scarf, some directly with a lattice square hijab head, traditional and not lose fashion.

Marriage etiquette

Aquatic marriage has a strong traditional color, pay attention to the matchmaker. Before marriage, young men and women can make use of festivals and fairs to sing songs to each other and fall in love. Even if you are free to fall in love, you have to marry in the open, otherwise you will be discriminated against. Young men and women love each other, the first trustee to tell both parents. If the parents expressed willingness, the male party to ask the matchmaker to go to the woman's home to send gifts betrothal, and choose an auspicious day, sent people to carry piglets to the woman's home "to eat a little wine". Officially welcome the bride, and then carry a big pig to the female family "to eat big wine". Banquet to sing a toast, the hostess sings a song, the guests will have to dry a cup of wine, to get drunk to show the host's hospitality. Receiving and sending relatives, men and women ...... >>

Question 4: Are simplified Chinese characters scientifically sound? Do some simplified Chinese characters need to be re-improved? From the method of simplification of Chinese characters to see the irrationality of simplified characters

The evolutionary history of Chinese characters is in fact the coexistence of simplification and complication while simplification is the main one. The first large-scale change in the Chinese characters was the Qin Shihuang's "Shu Tongwen" (書同文), which meant that the small seal script of Qin was adopted as the common script for the whole country. The first standardized script in the history of Chinese characters, the Small Seal Script has a more uniform, rounded and fluent structure than the long, thin, square and straight strokes of the oracle bone script, and its structure is basically fixed than the random and irregular characters of the oracle bone script (which has many variant characters), and it has been simplified. For example, the word "车" (车) in the oracle bone script (甲骨文), which is basically the same as the simplified characters in common use nowadays, has a wheel instead of the whole car drawn in the oracle bone script; and there is also simplification.

The Qin Small Seal Script was the most systematic and last hieroglyphic script, and was replaced by the official script during the Han Dynasty. Li Shu established the basic strokes of modern Chinese characters, such as "dot, horizontal, vertical, apostrophe, and press", which are completely symbolic, breaking the pictographic tradition of Chinese characters, and can no longer be considered as hieroglyphic characters. It is worth noting that the official script, which has always been called "Han Li", actually appeared and was widely used during the Qin Dynasty. It was a handwritten form of the Small Seal Script, which was used by lower level officials for daily writing, and this is where the name "Official Script" comes from. It is still very different from the Han Clerical Script, but it is even more different from the Small Seal Script at the same time. (If you are interested, you can refer to the Yunmeng Qin Jian unearthed in 1957 in Yunmeng, Hubei Province.)

The Regular Script and the Official Script did not have much structural change, except that the strokes and forms became more symbolic.

The dramatic change in the Chinese characters occurred in the second half of the last century. It was the "simplified characters" that are used on the mainland today. It was officially enforced, and a special law was enacted for this purpose. This was the first man-made mandatory change in the history of Chinese characters. The impact was far-reaching and clumsy. (Qin Shi Huang's "Shu Tong Wen" was only to make the Qin Small Seal Script the universal script, which had already been established and used by the Qin people. The subsequent simplification and regularization of the Chinese characters was a natural evolution of the Chinese characters.) Without discussing the various motives for the simplification of the Chinese characters, we will discuss the methods and principles of simplification.

I. Taking the symbols that appear in cursive script and replacing them with the original characters is also known as cursive regularization. Examples: "车" (car), "长" (long), "专" (specialized), "乐" (music) ......

As we all know, the cursive writing pen and brush connected, word connected, walking brush such as flowing clouds and water, font into a thousand forms, more just as a work of art for the literati to play to appreciate, basically no practical value. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, even the well-educated people have difficulty in recognizing the wild cursive. Therefore, the simple symbols appearing in cursive script are simply something outside the Chinese character system, and do not have the qualifications to become Chinese characters. It makes no sense to rigidly replace the original characters with such symbols. Moreover, the writing of "车" for "车" and "长" for "长" is not very convenient, and it is even more puzzling. It is even more confusing.

Second, take the traditional simplified characters. Such words have appeared in the excavated oracle bone inscriptions, Jinwen and traditional texts in the common characters and did not gain general recognition. Especially in the Buddhist scriptures, the majority of vulgar characters. Examples: 虫 (虫), 从 (从), 万 (万), 与 (与), 听 (听)......

This is relatively reasonable, but bringing back to life these characters, which have been eliminated or unrecognized in the course of the development of Chinese characters, requires more deliberation. For example, it makes sense to replace "从" with "从", which appears in the oracle bone inscriptions. On the other hand, there is no basis for replacing the original character with a mundane character from the scriptures (e.g., "wan"). Mundane characters are in fact a kind of personal arbitrariness of the writer in the process of copying to save simplicity. For example, if I take notes myself, I use "#" for Hu Shi and "*" for Fu Sian, which I can understand, and so can my friends, but these two symbols cannot be used as Chinese characters.

Third, symbol substitution. Replace complicated parts with simple symbols.

A typical example is the symbol "and". Let's look at the following groups of simplified and traditional Chinese characters.

1, Han (汉), Sigh (叹), Difficult (难)

2, Quan (权), Counsel (劝), Guan (觀)

3, Deng (邓)

4, Pair (对)

The symbol "又" replaces four different parts, and it is not clear whether the replacement of the symbol "又" is reasonable or not. Not to mention whether such a simplification is reasonable or not, what kind of analysis did the original makers go through to come up with such a simplification plan - simply sorting by rhyme and replacing different symbols with the same one? This is a child's play, isn't it?

Fourth, the same sound instead. Pronunciation of the same set of words, take the simplest one, the word meaning there is a simplified word ...... >>

Question 5: Various types of Chinese characters ~~ Hieroglyphics: refers to the pure use of graphics for textual use, and these words and the things represented, in shape, resemble each other. Generally speaking, hieroglyphics were the first scripts to be produced. The lines or strokes of the characters are used to outline the shape of the object to be represented in a specific way. For example, the character "月" resembles the shape of the moon, the character "龟" (especially the traditional [龟]) resembles the shape of the side of a turtle, and the character "马" is a horse with a horse iguana and four legs, and the character "鱼" is a fish. The character for "fish" is a swimming fish with a head, body and tail, the character for "艹" (the original character for "grass") is two tufts of grass, and the character for "门" (the traditional [门]), which is more similar to "门" (the traditional [门]), is in the shape of two doors on the left and right. The character "日" is like a circle with a point in the center, much like the shape one sees when looking directly at the sun.

The character "指事": The character "指事" is a kind of abstract character creation method, that is, when there is no, or it is not convenient to use

concrete image to draw out, then use an abstract symbol to represent, for example, "上", "下", "凶"......,等等. The two characters "up" and "down" are bounded by the horizontal line "one",

On the horizontal line, a point or a shorter short line is used to point out the upper position, which is written as "two", that is,

the character of "up"; and below the horizontal line, the symbol ""，which is the character of "down" is drawn. The character "凶"

means there is a deep pit on the ground, and the person who walks on the ground does not see it and steps into the pit. "ㄩ" stands for the deep pit, and the symbol "×" in the middle symbolizes the feeling of shock and the danger of falling into the pit.

The Shuowen Jiezi explains 9353 characters, except for the characters "上" and "下", which are clearly defined as references, the other references, even if they are recognized by the later generations, are all explained by pictograms and huaiyi examples, and the definition of the references in the Narrative, which is the most important one. The definition of the word refers to things, the words are brief, not detailed, so it led to the ancient and modern understanding of the structure of the word refers to the type of disagreement. For example, Duan Yucai "Shuowen Jiezi? Narrative" note cloud : "refers to things that are different from the hieroglyphic, the shape is a thing, things, special BoS points. Therefore, a lift of the sun, the moon, a lift of the upper and lower, the upper and lower things more, the sun and the moon only one thing. Scholars know this, you can get the hieroglyphic refers to the matter of the points carry forward ...... refers to the matter can not be confused with the ideogram, together with the two articles for the ideogram, a single body refers to the matter." It is not difficult to see, Duan's view of the finger thing word, is that those unique abstract symbols word.

Types of the words referring to things

1, the monolithic refers to things

Where the monolithic text, in the form of no later additions, deletions or changes, used to express the abstract things called monolithic refers to things, that is, refers to things in the right example. This kind of unique text, usually with line symbols to indicate the abstract things of the imagery. Examples of the characters: │, 1, 2, 2, │, 8, Powers, !

2, the body refers to things

When the existing text image or symbols, not enough to express the abstract concepts, in the image of the text, add some dots to draw out the concepts of the method, that is, a text as the main body, additional symbols are not the text, and the two together into the text, is called the body refers to things. Examples of the words: Yuan, show, Wang, in, Tun, Mou, draw.

3, the variant refers to things

In order to express the abstract idea, often a written image to change or save a written image of some of the strokes, through this change, so that people understand another layer of related concepts. This kind of change usually refers to the change of position, such as the opposite of left and right, or up and down. Examples of variant references: ㄩ、乏、廷、逆、世、臣、幻、夏、巾.

Huiyi Characters:Huiyi is a character made from two or more unique characters based on the relationship between their meanings, which synthesizes the meanings of the components of these characters, and this method of character creation is called huiyi. The characters created by the huiyi method are huiyi characters.

Types of ideograms:

① Heterogeneous ideograms: they are composed of different characters. For example, "武" (wu) is from "戈" (gao) and "止"(止). The word "stop" is the character for toe, and there is a foot underneath "go", which means that the person walks with a weapon, and there is a meaning of conquest or show of force.

② homograph: composed of the same words. For example, "from" means that two people follow each other before and after, and "than" means that two people are close to each other.

The ideograms are created to remedy the limitations of pictograms and references to the creation of words. Compared with the pictograms and the references, the huiyi method has obvious advantages: first, it can represent many abstract meanings; second, it has a strong character creation function. The Shuowen Jiezi contains 1,167 huiyi characters, which are much more than the pictograms and the fingerprints. Until now, people still use huiyi to create simplified Chinese characters or dialect characters, such as "zao, dust, country, pussy" and so on. Conjugation is a combination of two or more forms, the combination of a variety of ways, cross and intricate, this is the method of conjugation so "productive", the conjugation of the word by ...... >>

Question 6: What is the reading of the four below Baldbaugh? What does it mean? Please enlighten me! Love may best be defined as the active action of treating a living being or object (which may be a person, object, or animal) with sincerity so as to make it happy as a whole. In short, love is the initiative to make the whole happy. (Thomas Jay Oord).　Love is unselfish giving in the form of material, emotional, and operational forms. Those who love have friends, and those who are fraternal have a wide range of friends. People without love are mean and don't care about anything else but selfishness, and such people treat fathers and sons and brothers as if they were strangers or even enemies. Such people are an obstacle to the development of society. Love is innate, so it can be considered a trait of nature, in other words, love is one of the essential qualities of a human being. Although cultural differences among the peoples of the world make a universal definition of love difficult to articulate, it is not impossible to establish (Shapiro-Walford hypothesis). Love can include love of soul or mind, love of law and organization, love of self, love of food, love of money, love of learning, love of power, love of reputation, love of others, and the list goes on and on. Different people place different values on the love they receive. Love is essentially an abstract concept that can be experienced but is difficult to describe.　According to the internationally renowned charity organization, Junyou Association, the expression of love must be from near and far, and the inspiration of goodness must be from small to large, love and goodness must be from the inside to the outside, from oneself to others, expanding with oneself as the center point, from oneself, family, relatives and friends, neighborhood, slowly expanding to the society, spreading to every corner of the whole earth.　Love: In Shuowen Jiezi, the traditional Chinese character for "love" is composed of "爪", "秃宝盖", "冖", "心", "友", "友", "友", and "" in Chinese. "The traditional Chinese character for "love" is composed of four parts.　Animal love. Love can be used with many words, love. etc. Love is from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart from the heart. The foot part of "迨浅 "is commonly found in words like "夏处偉".　In order to understand the essence of the meaning of "love", we need to look at the four elements of "claw", "bald cap", "heart", "Friendship" four components of the meaning contained in the analysis, interpretation: First, "claw" word interpretation: 1, "claw" is a pictogram.　(1), in the oracle bone like a fingertip down "claw" shape.　(2) In Jinwen, it is the opposite of the oracle bone character, with the tip of the finger pointing upwards.　(3) The shape in the Small Seal Script, which is close to that of the modern Regular Script, evolved from the Oracle Bone Script.　(4) The character "爪" (claw) is written in the modern Regular Script, which is similar to the shape of the Small Seal Script.　The character "爪" was originally used for the toes of birds and animals, such as tiger's claw and cat's claw.　2. The original meaning of the character "爪" is "claw".　For example, the Han Dynasty's five-character poem "Grazing Gracilaria on the Mountain" says: "Although the newcomer says it is good, it is not as beautiful as the old woman. The colors are similar, but the hands and claws are not the same."　3、Derived from the hand claw as a generic term for the nails of the hands and feet.　Such as "Liezi? Tianrui: "Skin, claws and hair fall with the world." -Skin, nails, hair and other things, will be with the passage of time and continue to fall off.　4. The word "claw" is a noun, but it can be derived as a verb.　Such as liu zongyuan "planting trees guo zou camel biography": "claw its skin, in order to test its life wither." Meaning: to scratch off a piece of bark, in order to check its death.　Here the "claw" is actually the verb "to grasp".　5. The character "爪" is a radical character. In Chinese characters, most of the characters composed of "爪" (claw) are related to hand or movement, and most of them appear in the upper part of a character, written as " ".　For example, "采", "孚", "妥", "受", and so on.　The ancients said: "The upward hand is said to be the palm, the overhand is said to be the claw."　　Second, "冖" word explanation: 1, "冖" word (pronounced mì), is a pictogram. 1, in the oracle bone inscription, the word "冖" is a pictogram. 2, "冖" is a pictogram. 3, "冖" is a pictogram.　(1) In oracle bone inscriptions, it looks like a curtain or a large scarf that covers something.　(2) The shape in Jinwen is similar to that in Oracle Bone Script.　(3) The shape in the Small Seal Script is similar to that of the Oracle Bone Script and the Golden Script.　(4) 冖" is the modern way of writing in regular script, known as "秃宝盖".　2. The original meaning of the character 冖 is to cover, and its form is the two ends of the character ichi (一), which hangs down in a line.　Shuowen: "冖 (冖) means to cover. It comes from one hanging down."　3. 冖 is a radical character. In Chinese characters, most of the characters composed of 冖 have the meaning of "cover".　For example, "冠", "冥", "幂" and so on.　Third, the "heart" word explanation: 1, "heart" is a hieroglyphic characters.　(1), in the oracle bone script like a heart shape.　(2) In Jinwen, the shape of the character is slightly changed, but it still resembles the shape of a heart.　(3) In the Small Seal Script, the shape becomes less like a heart.　(4) ...... >>