The advantages of bucket-through wood structure in architectural history include good wind resistance of mountain surface. What does the mountain surface mean?

Gables, commonly known as external transverse walls and end walls, generally refer to the outermost external walls at both ends of transverse walls arranged along the short axis of buildings. That is, the lateral external walls at both ends of the building are generally called gables. Traditional buildings generally have gables, which are mainly used to separate from neighbors' houses to prevent wind and fire. Gables are divided into three parts from bottom to top: lower alkali, upper body and peak. Generally speaking, the houses in our countryside are long. If we sit south facing north, we are used to calling the north and south walls "big stone walls", that is, vertical walls, which are usually the longest two walls. At this time, we called the east and west walls "gables". Most of our traditional houses in southern China are wooden roofs, that is, "sloping roofs" (or herringbone roofs). At this time, the eaves of the two slopes are on the north and south walls, and the facades of the east and west walls look like a hilltop, so they are called "gables".

In the most common cross-bucket structure in South China, the column head directly supports the purlin, and the load does not need to be transmitted through the beam, so the bearing capacity is higher than that of the hanging beam. There are many landing columns with dense column spacing; Usually, five columns pass through the center with wooden purlins, which is called seam, that is, the columns in a seam frame are connected into a whole by purlins running through the column body, that is, seam (or seam, purlins are installed between two seam frames). At this time, the wind blowing parallel to the purlin is resisted by the straight direction of the joint. Because the five pillars are connected into a whole by the foot, the middle and the upper purlin, their stability is obviously the best in the mountain direction (parallel to the purlin penetration direction). Comparatively speaking, the connection between one seam and another seam is only purlin, especially the mid-span is mostly at the top and bottom, while the two tallest columns in the middle of the room (the tallest one in the middle of the two seams) Therefore, it is concluded that in the whole composed of seams, the wind resistance is the largest in the direction in which the columns are formed, and the other side is weak. In practice, if the wind blows from one end of the gable for a long time, the house will easily form a parallelogram. At this time, the house will be corrected by anchoring, which is commonly known as "building a house".