A complete collection of picture details

Picture refers to the plane media composed of graphics, images, etc. There are many formats of pictures, but they can be roughly divided into two categories: bitmap and vector graphics. Formats such as BMP and JPG are bitmap graphics, while formats such as SWF, CDR and AI are vector graphics.

What we see in the table is a general term for pictures, photographs and rubbings. Drawing is a basic term in technical drawing, which refers to a form of describing the geometric characteristics, shape, position and size of things with points, lines, symbols, characters and numbers. With the development of digital acquisition technology and signal processing theory, more and more pictures are stored in digital form.

Chinese name: picture mbth: picture category: print media type: bitmap and vector picture word concept, file format, picture classification, picture processing software, color mode, word concept dictionary. Illustration: The basic term in technical drawing refers to a form of describing the geometric characteristics, shape, position and size of things with points, lines, symbols, words and numbers (note the shape). Film: nouns, such as: records, pictures, photos, movies, flaky stones (flaky stones), sawdust, magnolia slices, shrimp slices, business cards, tiles ... (short description is tangible things). File format BMP Bitmap (foreign abbreviation: BMP, foreign full name: bitmap) is a standard image file format in Windows operating system, which can be supported by many Windows applications. With the popularity of Windows operating system and the development of rich Windows applications, BMP bitmap format is naturally widely used. This format is characterized by rich image information and almost no compression, but it leads to its inherent disadvantage-it takes up too much disk space, so BMP is more popular on a single machine. GIF format graphic exchange format (GIF for short), CompuServe, a famous online information service organization in the United States, developed this GIF image format for the limitation of network transmission bandwidth at that time. GIF format is characterized by high compression ratio and less disk space, so this image format has been widely used soon. At first, GIF was only used to store a single still image (called GIF87a). Later, with the development of technology, several still images can be stored at the same time to form a continuous animation, which became one of the few formats that supported 2D animation at that time (called GIF89a). In GIF89a, you can specify a transparent area to make the image have an extraordinary display effect and make GIF more beautiful. Most of the color animation files widely used on Inter are files in this format, also known as GIF89a format files. In addition, considering the actual situation in network transmission, the GIF image format also adds a gradual display mode, that is, in the process of image transmission, users can first see the general outline of the image, and then gradually see the details of the image as the transmission process continues, thus adapting to the user's viewing psychology of "from hazy to clear". However, GIF has a small disadvantage, that is, it can't store pictures with more than 256 colors. Nevertheless, this format is still widely used on the Internet, which is inseparable from the advantages of short GIF image files, fast download speed and animation composed of many image files of the same size. JPEG format JPEG is also the most common image format. It was developed by Joint Photographic Experts Group (full name: Joint P Photographic E Experts Group) and named as "ISO/KOOC-0/09/KOOC-0/8-/KOOC-0/". JPEG is just a common name. The extension of JPEG files is. Jpg or. jpeg。 Because its compression technology is very advanced, it uses lossy compression to remove redundant images and color data, and at the same time, it can display very rich and vivid images, in other words, it can get better image quality with the least disk space. At the same time, JPEG is a very flexible format, which has the function of adjusting the image quality, allowing you to compress this file with different compression ratios. For example, we can compress the BMP bitmap file of 1.38MB to 20.3KB at most. Of course, we can find a balance between image quality and file size. Because of the excellent quality and outstanding performance of JPEG, especially on the Internet and CD-ROM, it can definitely be found. Various browsers support JPEG as an image format. Because of its small file size and fast download speed, the web page can provide a large number of beautiful images in a short download time, and JPEG has naturally become the most popular image format on the Internet. JPEG2000 format JPEG 2000 is also formulated by JPEG organization. Its official name is "ISO 15444". Compared with JPEG, JPEG 2000 has higher compression rate and is a new generation of still image compression technology with more new functions. As an upgraded version of JPEG, JPEG2000 has a compression ratio about 30% higher than JPEG. Unlike JPEG, JPEG2000 supports both lossy and lossless compression, while JPEG can only support lossy compression. Lossless compression is very useful for saving some important pictures. An extremely important feature of JPEG2000 is that it can realize progressive transmission, which is similar to the gradual display of GIF, that is, the outline of the image is transmitted first, and then the data is transmitted gradually, so as to continuously improve the image quality and make the image display from hazy to clear, instead of slowly displaying from top to bottom like JPEG. In addition, JPEG2000 also supports the so-called "region of interest" function. You can arbitrarily specify the compression quality of the region of interest in the image, or you can choose to decompress the specified part first. Compared with JPEG, JPEG 2000 has obvious advantages and backward compatibility, and it is just around the corner to replace the traditional JPEG format. JPEG2000 can be used in the traditional JPEG market, such as scanners and digital cameras, and also in emerging fields, such as network transmission and wireless communication. TIFF format T ag I mage F ile F ormat (TIFF, T AG I mage file f or mat for full) is a widely used image format in Mac. Developed jointly by Aldus and Microsoft, it was originally designed for cross-platform storage of scanned images. It is characterized by complex image format and much information stored. It is precisely because it stores a lot of subtle information of the image and the quality of the image is also improved, so it is very conducive to the reproduction of the original. There are two forms of this format: compressed and uncompressed, in which compressed can be stored as LZW lossless compression scheme. However, due to the complex structure of TIFF format, its compatibility is poor. It is also very convenient to transplant TIFF files on Mac and PC, so TIF is also one of the most widely used image file formats on microcomputers. Cao 20 15 PSD format of photographic pictures This is a special format of Photoshop, the image processing software of the famous Adobe company. PSD is actually a "draft" of graphic design in Photoshop, which contains samples of various designs such as layers, channels and masks, so that the final design can be modified when the file is opened next time. Among the various image formats supported by Photoshop, PSD has much faster access speed and more powerful functions than other formats. With the wider application of Photoshop, we have reason to believe that this format will gradually become popular. Portable network graphics in PNG format (PNG for short in foreign languages, full name in foreign languages: P Portable Network Graphics) is a new network image format. At the end of 1994, because Unysis announced that GIF had a patented compression method, the author who developed GIF software had to pay a certain fee, which led to the birth of free png image format. PNG combines the advantages of GIF and JPG from the beginning, and intends to replace these two formats in one fell swoop. 1 996 65438+1October1was proposed by PNG to the international network alliance and was recommended and recognized. Most drawing software and browsers began to support PNG image browsing. Since then, the PNG image format has been full of vitality. Cao 20 15 photographic PNG format picture PNG is the most undistorted format at present, which absorbs the advantages of GIF and both, has rich storage forms, and has both GIF and two color modes. Another feature of PNG is that it can compress image files to the limit of network transmission, but it can retain all information related to image quality, because PNG uses lossless compression to reduce file size, which is different from JPG sacrificing image quality for high compression rate. Its third feature is that the display speed is very fast. Downloading the image information of 1/64 can display a low-resolution preview image. Fourthly, PNG also supports the production of transparent images, which is very useful when making web images. We can set the image background to be transparent, and replace the transparent color with the color information of the webpage itself, so that the image and the webpage background can blend harmoniously. The disadvantage of PNG is that it does not support animation application effects. If it can be strengthened in this respect, it can completely replace GIF and JPEG. The default format of Macromedia's Fireworks software is PNG. More and more software began to support this format, and it became more and more popular on the Internet. SWF format uses Flash, and we can make an animation with the suffix SWF(Shockwave format). The animated images in this format can express rich multimedia forms with a relatively small volume. In the aspect of image transmission, you don't have to wait until all files are downloaded, you can watch them while downloading, so it is especially suitable for network transmission, especially in the case of poor transmission rate, which can achieve good results. Facts have also proved this point. SWF has been widely used in multimedia presentation and interactive design of web pages. In addition, SWF animation is made by vector technology, so no matter how many times the screen is enlarged, the screen will not be damaged. To sum up, SWF format works are favored by more and more web designers because of their high-definition image quality and small size, and increasingly become the mainstream of web animation and web picture design and production. S calable V ector G raphics in SVG format (short for SVG in foreign languages, full name in foreign languages: Scalable Vector Graphics) can be regarded as the hottest image file format at present. It is based on XML (a subset of standard generalized markup language) and developed by World Wide Web Consortium. Strictly speaking, it should be an open standard vector graphics language, which allows you to design exciting and high-resolution Web graphics pages. Users can draw images directly with codes, open SVG images with any word processing tools, and make the images interactive by modifying some codes, and they can be inserted into HTML at any time and viewed by browsers. Never at the expense of image quality; Text remains editable and searchable in SVG images; Generally speaking, SVG files are much smaller than JPEG and GIF files, so the download speed is very fast. It is believed that the development of SVG will provide a new image standard for the Web. Jpg format joint photo expert group (foreign JPG, foreign JPEG: joint p photo graphic e xpert g group). JPEG pictures store a single raster image in 24-bit color. JPEG is a platform-independent format that supports the highest level of compression. However, this compression is lossy. Progressive JPEG files support interleaving. H *** mode H * * mode is defined based on the observation of color by human eyes. In this mode, all colors are described by hue or hue, saturation and brightness. 1. Hue (foreign abbreviation: h) Hue is the physical and psychological characteristics of color related to its main wavelength. We know from experiments that visible light with different wavelengths has different colors. Many wavelengths of light can be mixed in different proportions to form various colors, but as long as the wavelength composition is certain, then the color is certain. Achromatic colors (black, white and gray) have no hue attribute; All colors (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, etc. ) is an attribute that represents the appearance of a color. It's all hue, and sometimes hue is also called hue. Second, saturation (foreign abbreviation: S) Saturation refers to the intensity or purity of color, indicating the proportion of gray components in hue, expressed by 0%- 100% (pure color). 3. Brightness (foreign abbreviation: B) Brightness is the relative brightness of a color, usually measured by 0% (black)-100% (white). Picture Classification Social Life: Picture social documentary reflecting various lives: a true reflection of people or things with effectiveness, tourism folklore such as disasters, wars and poverty. Some landscape pictures taken by people who like photography and travel; Folklore: Pictures recording folklore, habits, beliefs, celebrations, etc. Old photos: original photos of photographers 30 years ago; Natural landscape: including mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, islands, deserts, grasslands, forests, etc. ; Bird's-eye view of the city, urban night scenes, fountains, sculptures and other artificial landscapes; Cultural entertainment. Folk arts, handicrafts and other image processing software StylePix P hoto S hop (foreign abbreviation: PS) Light and Shadow Magician Mito Xiu Xiu Mito Tao Tao gimpsee Photographer CorelDRAW Cattle Image xmind Digital Photography Major Naacdsee Lightroom (foreign abbreviation: LR) Color mode is not only the basic "red, green and blue" (foreign abbreviation: rgb) or "cyan, In addition to grayscale modes such as magenta, yellow and black (foreign abbreviation: cmyk) and lightweight a-b (foreign abbreviation: lab), photoshop also supports (or processes) other color modes, including and these color modes have their special uses. For example, the image in gray mode has only gray value and no color information; Although the index color mode can use colors, compared with rgb mode and cmyk mode, there are really few colors that can be used. Here are some color patterns. 1. bitmap mode bitmap mode uses two colors (black and white) to represent pixels in an image. Images in bitmap mode are also called black-and-white images. Because its depth is 1, it is also called a point array image. Because the bitmap mode only uses black and white to represent the pixels of the image, many details will be lost when the image is converted into bitmap mode, so photoshop provides several algorithms to simulate the missing details in the image. Under the same width, height and resolution, the image size of bitmap mode is the smallest, which is about 1/7 of gray mode and 1/22 of rgb mode. Second, the gray mode Gray mode can use up to 256 gray levels to represent the image, making the transition of the image smoother and more delicate. The brightness value of each pixel of the gray image is between 0 (black) and 255 (white). Gray value can also be expressed as a percentage of black ink coverage (0% equals white, 100% equals black). Images generated using black folding or grayscale scanners are usually displayed in grayscale. Third, the two-tone mode Two-tone mode uses 2-4 colors of ink to create an image with two tones (2 colors), three tones (3 colors) and four tones (4 colors) mixed with their color levels. In the process of converting a gray image into a two-tone mode, the tone can be edited to produce special effects. The main purpose of using the two-tone mode is to express as many color levels as possible with as few colors as possible, which is very important to reduce the printing cost, because each additional tone needs more cost when printing. 4. Index color mode Index color mode is a common image mode on the Internet and animation. When a color image is converted into an image of indexed color, it contains nearly 256 colors. The indexed color image contains a color table. If the colors in the original image cannot be represented by 256 colors, photoshop will select the closest color from the available colors to simulate these colors, which can reduce the size of the image file. Used to store the colors in the image and establish a color index for these colors. The color table can be defined during the conversion process or modified after the image is indexed. 5. Multi-channel mode Multi-channel mode is very useful for images with special printing requirements. For example, if an image only uses one or two or two or three colors, using multi-channel mode can reduce the printing cost and ensure the correct output of image colors. 6.8-bit/16-bit channel mode In the grayscale mode of "red, green and blue" (foreign abbreviation: rgb) or "cyan, magenta, yellow and black" (foreign abbreviation: cmyk), the default 8-bit channel can be replaced by 16-bit channel. By default, an 8-bit channel contains 256 color levels. If it is increased to 16 bit, the number of color levels of each channel is 65536, so that more color details can be obtained. Photoshop can recognize and input the image of 16-bit channel, but this image has many limitations and cannot use all filters. In addition, the image of the 16 bit channel cannot be printed.