Guangzhou's human landscape and eating habits!

Guangzhou is the southern gate of China, the political, economic and cultural center of South China and the capital of Guangdong Province. Guangzhou is located in longitude 113°17' east, latitude 23°8' north, located in the subtropics, across the Tropic of Cancer, mild climate, abundant rainfall, four seasons of evergreen, beautiful scenery, known as the "Flower City" reputation.

Guangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city. Legend has it that in ancient times, five immortals, dressed in five-color clothes, riding on the mouth of the five-color immortal sheep, descended on this place, the ears of rice to the people, wishing that there will never be a famine here. Since then, Guangzhou has been known as the "City of Sheep" and "City of Spike", and the "Five Sheep" has become the symbol of Guangzhou. According to historical records, as early as 214 B.C., the city walls were built here, and the city has a history of 2,210 years, leaving behind many cultural monuments, which vividly reflect the development of Guangzhou in various stages of history.

Guangzhou is also a city of heroes, where the stormy winds of the modern and contemporary Chinese revolution also left a glorious past. The history of the heroes is a source of remembrance and respect. At the same time, Guangzhou is also the starting point of the ancient "Maritime Silk Road", now deceiving night? The city is now the starting point of the ancient "Maritime Silk Road", which is now deceived by the night? The city of Guangzhou is now the starting point of the ancient "Maritime Silk Road", and is now the center of the "Maritime Silk Road". Shao eulogy sheath school hem? The first step in the development of the city is to establish a new center of the city. The city has been playing an important role in the development of China's economy, and has become a center for the development of China's economy. to play an important role, presenting a thousand years of prosperity, prosperity, beautiful scene.

The unique natural environment, distinctive southern style, long history and culture, numerous scenic spots, colorful culture and entertainment, as well as developed trade and tourism services, making Guangzhou one of the country's important tourist cities. Today, Guangzhou is a prosperous and ever-changing city. This is a modern international metropolis towards the historical city, tourist attractions, is a charming style to meet from all directions of the domestic and foreign tourists.

Guangzhou ancient name "Chu Ting", according to historical records, as early as the 9th century BC in the Zhou Dynasty, living here in the "Hundred Yue of the race" and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Chu people have been very close, the local people to "Chu Ting" to commemorate this friendship. "This is the earliest name of Guangzhou.

Anciently, Guangzhou was the ancient capital of three dynasties. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established the state of Nan Yue in Guangzhou; during the period of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms, the state of Nan Han was established here; in addition, the dynasty of Nan Ming mentioned in the literary masterpiece The Peach Blossom Fan (built in the end of the Ming Dynasty, which lasted for only 40 days) was also established. The "Nanming" dynasty mentioned in the literary work Guangzhou is a modern metropolis, full of vitality and retaining its ancient style, and is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council, as well as a national excellent tourist city. It is blessed with bright mountains and water, beautiful scenery, natural and humanistic landscapes that complement each other, and cityscape and modern urban landscapes that complement each other.

Guangzhou was once a tropical and subtropical forest in ancient times, and today it is still a kingdom of plants. The South China Botanical Garden, Yuntai Garden, Liuhua Lake Park, People's Park, Luhu Park, Dongshan Lake Park, etc. fully display the garden characteristics of the south, and on the outskirts of the city, there are also Conghua Hot Spring Scenic Spot, Conghua Liuxihe National Forest Park, Furong Roach Scenic Spot, and so on.

The major humanistic landscapes in the area include the Tomb of the King of South Vietnam, Zhenhai Building, Xiguan Daiya, the former site of the anti-British struggle in Sanyuanli, the former site of the Whampoa Military Academy, and the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, etc., which can be used by future generations to commemorate the heroism of their forefathers.

Location and Scope

Guangzhou City is the capital of Guangdong Province, the center of Guangdong Province's politics, economic sites, science and technology, education and culture. Guangzhou City is located in the south of mainland China, south-central Guangdong Province, the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta, close to the Pearl River Basin downstream into the sea. It ranges from 112 degrees 57 minutes to 114 degrees 3 minutes east longitude and 22 degrees 26 minutes to 23 degrees 56 minutes north latitude. East of Huizhou City, Boluo, Longmen counties, west of Foshan City, Sanshui, Nanhai and Shunde City, north of Qingyuan City, urban areas and Fogang County and Shaoguan City, Xinfeng County, south of Dongguan City and Zhongshan City, across the sea from the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions.

Because of the numerous islands in the mouth of the Pearl River, the waterways are densely packed with Humen, Hengmen, Mordor Gate and other waterways out to sea, making Guangzhou an excellent seaport for China's ocean shipping and import and export shore of the Pearl River Basin. Guangzhou is also the intersection of Beijing-Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Guangzhou-Mao and Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou Railway and the civil aviation transportation center in South China, which has extremely close connection with all parts of the country. Therefore, Guangzhou is known as the "Southern Gate" of China.

Land Resources and Basic Characteristics

Guangzhou has a total area of 7,434.4 square kilometers, of which 122,700 hectares are cultivated for agriculture and 309,200 hectares for forestry. The land resources of Guangzhou City are limited in quantity, but the land types are diverse and widely suitable. The topography is complex, with the terrain lowering from north to south, the highest peak being the top of Tiantian in the north at the junction of Conghua City and Longmen County, with an elevation of 1,210 meters above sea level. The northeastern part is a low to medium mountainous area, the central part is a hilly basin, and the southern part is a coastal alluvial plain, which is an integral part of the Pearl River Delta. Due to the interplay of various natural factors, the formation of diverse land types, according to the vertical zone of the land can be divided into the following:

1, the low and medium mountains. Is 400 to 500 meters above sea level in the mountains, mainly in the northeastern part of the city's mountainous areas, generally slopes in 20 to 25 degrees or more, into the soil matrix to granite and sand shale-based. This kind of land is an important base for water-sourcing forests, and is suitable for the development of ecological forests and hydropower.

2, hilly land. Is the elevation of 400 to 500 meters below the vertical zone within the slopes, mainly in the mountains, basins and valleys and plains, in Zengcheng City, Conghua City, Huadu City, as well as the eastern suburbs of urban areas, north are distributed, into the soil matrix is mainly made up of sand shale, granite and metamorphic rocks. This type of land can be used as a base for the growth of timber forests and economic forests.

3, Gangtai land. Is the relative height of 80 meters or less, the slope is less than 15 degrees of gently sloping land or low flat slopes. Mainly distributed in Zengcheng City, Conghua City and Baiyun, Huangpu two districts, Panyu District, Huadu District, Tianhe District also has a sporadic distribution, into the soil matrix to pile up red clay, red rock system and sand shale-based. This type of land can be developed and utilized as agricultural land, and is also very suitable for growing fruits, economic forests or pasture.

4, alluvial plains. Mainly in the Pearl River Delta Plain, Liuxi River alluvial Guanghua Plain, Panyu coastal belt of alluvial and marine plains. The soil is deep and fertile, and is the city's main production base for grain, sugar cane and vegetables.

5. Mudflats. Mainly distributed in Panyu City, Nansha, Wanhaisha, Xinken town along the coast.

Climatic Characteristics

Guangzhou is located in the southern subtropics and has a typical monsoon maritime climate of the southern subtropics. Due to the back of the mountains facing the sea, the oceanic climate is particularly remarkable, with warm and rainy, sufficient light and heat, small temperature difference, long summer, short frost period and other climatic characteristics. Because of the water and heat at the same time, extremely conducive to the growth of crops, but the threat of natural disasters is also greater. Often to industrial and agricultural production to bring adverse effects.

Guangzhou light and heat resources are abundant, the average annual sunshine hours of 1875.1 ~ 1959.9 hours, the annual total solar radiation 105.3 ~ 109.8 kcal / cm2, the average annual temperature of 21.4 ~ 21.8 ℃, the average daily temperature are above 0 ℃. The frost-free period is 290 days in the north and 346 days in the south.

Guangzhou has abundant rainfall, with an annual precipitation of 1,689.3 to 1,876.5 millimeters, and the rainy season (April to September) accounts for about 85% of the annual precipitation; due to the influence of topography, there are more in the mountains than in the plains, and more in the north than in the south. Meanwhile, the rainy season coincides with strong light and high heat, creating a fairly high climatic biological potential (light, temperature and water potential) of 77,865 to 97,950 kg/ha.

The alternation of winter and summer monsoons is a prominent feature of Guangzhou's monsoon climate. The northerly winds in winter are dry and cold due to the southward extension of the polar continental air masses. The southerly winds in summer, formed by the northward expansion of tropical oceanic air masses, are warm and humid. The conversion of summer winds to winter winds usually occurs in September, while the conversion of winter winds to summer winds occurs in April.

Water Characteristics

Guangzhou's local water resources are relatively small, and the per capita possession is not high. The city's watershed area is 74,400 hectares, accounting for 10% of the city's land area, and the main rivers are the Zengjiang River and the Liuxi River, with the Dongjiang River flowing through the city and merging with the Pearl River to enter the sea. The total amount of local water resources is 8.129 billion cubic meters, of which 6.01 billion cubic meters are surface water, 2.037 billion cubic meters are shallow groundwater and 0.82 billion cubic meters are deep groundwater. In terms of river runoff, there are 1,082,000 cubic meters per square kilometer, 1,375 cubic meters per capita, and 49,425 cubic meters per hectare, which is 63,000 cubic meters per square kilometer, 1808 cubic meters per capita, and 19,830 cubic meters per hectare less than the average of the whole Guangdong province. Guangzhou southern river network area in the tidal current area within the scope of the Pearl River, the Humen, Jiaomen and Dahongqi lee 3 portals in the south of the city into the Lingdingyang out of the South China Sea, the runoff is large, the role of the tide is also very strong.

Guangzhou City is located in the south of the abundant water area, belongs to the Pearl River system estuary area range, transit water resources are relatively rich, a total of 124.5 billion cubic meters, 15 times the local water resources. Among them, the Dongjiang River North Main Stream through the Zengcheng city boundary 20.4 billion cubic meters; Beijiang through the Lubao, Southwest two gates and Pingzhou waterway, Dashi Chong, etc. flow into the Guangzhou waterway * * * 30 billion cubic meters; West, North River, respectively, through the Sixian cellar, Ganzhu Beach and the East China Sea waterway regulation into the Panyu River network waterway * * * 74.1 billion cubic meters.

Conghua hot springs along the rich groundwater, water temperature Celsius 50 ° C - 70 ° C, rich in minerals.

Biological resources

Guangzhou City, the natural conditions for a variety of biological habitats and reproduction and crop species value to provide a good ecological environment, a wide variety of biological species, rapid growth. Zonal vegetation for the southern subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests, but natural forests have been very few, the forests in the hills are secondary forests and artificial forests.

Cultivated crops with the distinctive characteristics of the transition from the tropics to subtropics, is one of the country's richest fruit tree resources, including tropical, subtropical and temperate 3 categories, 40 families, 77 genera, 132 species and varieties **** more than 500 varieties, but also the lychee, orange, longan, Wu (white) olive, etc., the origins of the formation of the type of the center. Vegetables to high-quality, multi-species known, **** 14 categories of nearly 400 varieties. Flowers, bonsai is the city's specialty, including flowers, foliage and foliage appreciation of fruit three categories, mainly white orchids, osmanthus, jasmine, rice orchids, hilarious, gladiolus, chrysanthemums, kumquat, four seasons of the orange and other more than 150 varieties.

Grain crops are mainly rice, which is biannual. Cash crops are mainly sugar cane, peanuts, vegetables and fruits. Guangzhou is the "hometown of fruits", *** there are more than 500 varieties, of which litchi, bananas, papaya and pineapple known as "Lingnan four great fruits". Livestock, poultry, aquatic and wildlife species are also many, and there is no lack of famous varieties.

Mineral resources

Guangzhou City, the geological structure is quite complex, there are good conditions for mineralization. At present, 52 kinds of minerals have been found, 35 kinds of proven or for prospective evaluation; the main origin of 396, of which 17 large and medium-sized mining sites, the rest are small mining sites. Mineral species include ferrous metals and metallurgical auxiliary raw materials, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, rare earths, rare metals, as well as energy, chemical industry, construction materials and other non-metallic minerals, including coal, iron, lead, zinc, rare earths, china clay, gold, marble, tantalum, cement, etc., especially construction materials are the most abundant resources.

Construction materials include building stone, cement limestone, cement ingredient clay, cement ingredient sandstone, kaolin, nepheline, orthoclase, potassium feldspar, graphite, terra cotta, quartz sand and so on. Among them, there are 650 million cubic meters of building stone reserves, 174 million cubic meters of river sand, and 1 million cubic meters of recoverable reserves of decorative stone. Cement limestone 18 places, proven reserves of 369.9 million tons. The average grade contains 51% calcium oxide. Cement batching clay 7 places, proven reserves of 2.94 million tons. Cement batching sand 2, proven reserves of 24.43 million tons.

Tourism resources

Guangzhou mountains and waters, beautiful scenery, rich tourism resources, cultural and tourist attractions amounted to dozens of places, including Baiyue Guanzhi (Chen Ancestral Hall), Yuntai Garden (Baiyunshan Scenic Spot), Wuyangxianting. Zhenhai Building (Yuexiu Park, Guangzhou Museum), Light of Xinhai (Zhongshan Memorial Hall, Huanghuagang Park), Lianhua Xiaoqing (Lotus Hill Tourist Area), the landscape zone on both sides of the Pearl River, Yuexiu Mountain, CITIC Square (Waterfall), Guangdong Olympic Center, Guangzhou New Gymnasium, Guangzhou Museum of Art, Xiguan Commercial Corridor (Guangzhou Commercial Pedestrian Street), Liurong Flower Pagoda (Liurong Temple), Hong Xiuquan's former residence, BaoMoYuan, Panyu Xiangjiang Safari Park, and Guangzhou Changlong Nocturnal Animal World are the most famous attractions.

Guangzhou is a famous cultural city with a long history of more than 2,200 years. As early as the ninth century B.C. during the Zhou Dynasty, the "Baiyue" people and the Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River already had exchanges, and specially built "Chu Ting", which is the earliest name of Guangzhou. After the unification of Lingnan in 33 years of Emperor Qin Shi Huang (214 BC), Nanhai County was established (the county seat was located in "Panyu", i.e., today's Guangzhou), and in 226 AD, Sun Quan, in order to facilitate his rule, divided the original Jiaoshu into Jiaoshu and Guangzhou, and Guangzhou was named after him. Guangzhou" was thus named. It was not until the establishment of the City Hall in 1921 that Guangzhou was specifically referred to as a city.

Guangzhou is also known as the "City of Sheep" and the "City of Spikes", and it is called the City of Flowers because of the flowers that bloom in all seasons. According to legend, during the Zhou Dynasty, Guangzhou was plagued by years of famine, which made the people's lives unbearable. One day, the South China Sea sky drifted five colorful clouds, five immortals riding five sheep, each carrying a bunch of ears of grain descended on this place, giving ears of grain to the residents, blessing this place a good harvest, never famine, after the immortals drifted away, leaving the five sheep into stone, now Yuexiu Park built this legend as the theme of the "Five Sheep Stone Statue".

Guangzhou is the prosperous capital of the Qin and Han dynasties. In the world's historic cities, in addition to the old Rome, Athens and a few other cities, Paris, London, Moscow and other famous cities are younger than Guangzhou. Guangzhou is the starting port of the maritime "Silk Road" since the Han and Tang dynasties, as China's earliest foreign and never closed trade ports, occupies a fairly important position in the world.

Guangzhou has many places of interest. National, provincial and municipal cultural relics protection units **** 156. Among them, 16 each at the national level, 28 at the provincial level and 112 at the municipal level. The city along Zhongshan four road excavation of Qin-Han shipbuilding site and the Western Han Dynasty South Vietnam Palace Department Royal Garden site, has been named the 1997 "National Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries", is now to the United Nations to declare the world's historical and cultural heritage.

Guangzhou is the birthplace of China's modern and contemporary revolution. The famous Sanyuanli Anti-British Struggle, Huanghuagang Battle of Democratic Revolution and Guangzhou Commune Uprising all took place in Guangzhou. Revolutionary pioneer Sun Yat-sen founded the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou, which had established power three times. Mao Zedong organized the Peasant Movement Workshop here and trained a large number of revolutionary cadres. Zhang Tailei, Ye Ting and Ye Jianying led the sensational Guangzhou Uprising here. Lu Xun, Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu also came to Guangzhou to spread advanced culture.