Literary general knowledge about the meaning of the temple

Temple sub-Buddhism: temples, courtyards, nunneries and halls, temples and courtyards are monks dojo, nunneries and halls are nuns dojo.

Taoism: palace, kwan, temples, shrines Buddhist temples are palace-style buildings, Taoist temples are government offices, Taoist temples are divided into: large temples, temple pavilions, small temples. But Fujian Minnan and Taiwan, Buddhism and Taoism have been integrated.

In a broad sense, temples are not only related to the Buddhist family. In Buddhism, however, temples are known by many names: "temple", for example, did not originally refer to a Buddhist temple.

Temples, since the Qin Dynasty, usually referred to official houses as temples. In the Han Dynasty, the reception of monks from the West to live in the place also known as the temple, since then, "temple" has gradually become the Chinese Buddhist architectural moniker.

"Temple" is Buddhism to China, the Chinese people to respect Buddhism, the new name of Buddhist buildings. Such as the White Horse Temple, Dazhaosi Temple and so on.

In addition, such as nunnery, that is the temple where nuns live. There are also grottoes, which are stone caves cut into mountain cliffs, a form of early Buddhist architecture.

Early Buddhist temples in India used this form. Indian Buddhist grotto form there are two kinds, one for the elite house type monk room, square small hole, the front door open, three sides of the excavation of small niches for the monks in the niche to sit on the ground to practice; one for the Zhiti caves, cave area is larger, cave against the back of the center of a stupa, pagoda in front of the believers * * * worship Buddha.

In Mongolian, the "temple" as "call". Such as Dazhao, Wudangzhao and so on.

In addition, there are called the Potala Palace, Putuo Zongxian temple and so on. In Taoism, the title of the temple is also a lot: Taoism was founded at the beginning of its religious organizations and places of activity are to "rule" said.

Also known as "Lu", "Jing", also known as Jingbao. In the North and South Dynasties, the Taoist activities called the immortal hall.

In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, when Emperor Wu, the name of the place of Taoist activities called "view", take the meaning of stargazing. In the Tang Dynasty, because the emperor recognized Laozi as the ancestor, and the emperor's residence is called "Palace", so the Taoist building is also called "Palace".

Others are called "courtyard", "shrine", such as Wenshu Yuan, Bixia Ancestral Temple and so on. There are also direct builders of the garden named, such as the Ming Dynasty Suizhou (now Suixian County, Henan Province), Yuan Keli, Minister of War, Yuan Jiashan built, in fact, in their own business in the construction of the eight immortal gods of the dojo.

Confucianism calls them "temples", "palaces", and "altars", such as the Temple of Confucius, the Temple of Literature, the Palace of Longevity, the Temple of Heaven, and so on. *** Religion called "temple", such as *** Temple.

The Catholic Church is called "church". In the primitive or folk, it is called "temple", "shrine", such as the old worship ancestors, God and Buddha, or the previous generations of sages place.

Called Tai Temple, Zhongyue Temple, Xiyue Temple, Nanyue Temple, Beiyue Temple, Dai Temple and so on. Such as ancestral temples, ancestral halls (temples dedicated to ancestors or sages), there are Wuhou Ancestral Hall, Han Wengong Ancestral Hall and so on.

2. Literary knowledge about filial piety time

The Rules of the Disciple in the chapter "into the filial piety" said: "mourning for three years, often sad throat; change of residence, wine and meat.

This means that after the death of their parents, children should observe filial piety for three years, and often feel grief for the death of their parents. They have to build a simple shelter in front of the grave and stop drinking and all entertainment. This is the tradition of "three years of mourning".

In ancient China, from at least the Western Han Dynasty until the end of the Qing Dynasty, this tradition lasted for more than 2,000 years, but it has been many years since we abandoned it, for whatever reason. In ancient times, it was stipulated in the form of legislation that officials of all sizes, regardless of position, from the day they learned of the death of their parents, they had to stop working and go home to observe filial piety for three years, and any official who dared to conceal the news of their parents' death (in order not to be in the officialdom of the person who left the tea cooler) would be dismissed from their official positions. No one is an exception to this tradition, and only in rare cases can one work during the mourning period, which is called "taking away one's love". Even Zhang Juzheng such a character in the Wanli emperor "take love", but also home to three months of mourning.

Later, I thought, why must it be three years? The first time I saw this was when I was in the middle of the night, and it was a long time ago. Carefully experience, in fact, there is a reason, this behavior of filial piety is in fact in the repayment of kindness, repayment of parents' kindness. We often say, "I am no longer a three-year-old child." In the three years before a child is three years old, he or she is inseparable from his or her parents (especially his or her mother) day and night, and relies on them to take care of him or her for three years until he or she has left the stage of a "three-year-old child" and has moved from being a baby to being a toddler (and can be removed from his or her parents to enter kindergarten for the time being). After the death of our parents, we were in mourning for three years, day and night, in order to repay the kindness of these three years.