What are the main parts of a car? What are the functions of the main components?

An automobile consists of four basic parts: engine, chassis, body and electrical equipment.

Engine is a machine that can convert other forms of energy into mechanical energy, including internal combustion engine (reciprocating piston engine) and external combustion engine (Stirling engine, steam engine, etc.). ), jet engines, motors, etc.

Chassis refers to the combination of transmission system, driving system, steering system and braking system, which supports and installs the automobile engine and its parts and assemblies, forms the overall shape of the automobile, bears the engine power and ensures normal driving.

Body refers to the part of the vehicle used to carry people and goods, and also refers to the whole vehicle. The body of some vehicles is not only the driver's workplace, but also the place to accommodate passengers and goods. The car body includes windows, doors, cockpit, passenger compartment, engine compartment and luggage compartment.

Electrical equipment refers to generators, transformers, power lines, circuit breakers and other equipment in the power system.

Extended data

Basic structure of engine:

Engine is the power device of automobile, which consists of crank-connecting rod mechanism, valve train, cooling system, oil supply system, lubrication system, ignition system and starting system and five systems, but diesel engine has one less ignition system than gasoline engine.

1, cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water thermometer and drain switch. There are two cooling methods for automobile engines, namely air cooling and water cooling. Generally, automobile engines are mostly water-cooled.

2. Lubrication system: The engine lubrication system consists of oil pump, filter screen, oil filter, oil circuit, pressure limiting valve, oil gauge, pressure sensitive plug and dipstick.

3. Fuel supply system: The fuel system of a gasoline engine includes a gasoline tank, a gasoline meter, a gasoline pipe, a gasoline filter, a gasoline pump, a carburetor and an air filter. The fuel system of diesel engine includes main components such as fuel injection pump, fuel injector and governor, and auxiliary devices such as diesel tank, fuel transfer pump, oil-water separator, diesel filter, fuel injection advance device, high and low pressure oil pipes, etc.

4. Starting system: starter, battery, etc.

5. Ignition system: spark plug, high voltage wire, high voltage coil, distributor, ignition switch, etc.

6. Crank-connecting rod mechanism: connecting rod, crankshaft, bearing bush, flywheel, piston, piston ring, piston pin, crankshaft oil seal, etc.

7. Valve mechanism: cylinder head, valve cover camshaft, valve intake manifold, exhaust manifold, air filter, muffler, three-way catalytic supercharger, etc.

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