Qing Dynasty Blue and White Porcelain

1, the early Qing dynasty Shunzhi (1644-1661) dynasty time is not long, but is the key period of the previous and the next, for the later peak of the Kangxi period laid a solid foundation. Shunzhi blue and white wares are mainly characterized by the following aspects: fewer vessel types, mainly furnaces, goblets, bottles, large and small plates, bowls, jars and so on. Tire in general more rough, large ware such as furnace, large plate, goblet and other heavy body, small ware such as small plates, bowls, etc. Tire is lighter and thinner. However, there are also individual objects with fine, dense tire, can be seen in the form of glutinous rice. Bottom glaze more white flash green, some also slightly gray, thin glaze. The blue and white material should be zhejiang material and stone green two and use, resulting in the color of some green and green, some green and blue. Among them, the furnace of the blue and green color, other objects of the hair color more gray and blue. Decorated with flowers and birds, landscapes, caves and rocks, autumn grass, boats on the river, monsters, beasts, bananas, clouds and so on. Large plate like to paint a blue and white coil at the mouth edge, and then painted in the circle of the main body of the decoration; small plate more than one side of the plate painted a paulownia leaf, the other side of the book, "paulownia a leaf fall, the world all autumn" and other similar poems. Bottles, goblets, jars and other large vessels also like to use the blue and white lines for the decoration of the separation. The painting method is a combination of outlining, painting, rendering and line drawing. Painting brushwork is casual, although more neat than in the late Ming, but still have not seen the rigorous, meticulous style of Kangxi. The layout of the picture is fuller, especially large plates, jars, bottles, goblets and other types of objects. Begin to appear chapped and light color scale changes, but not yet mature. Bottles, goblets and more flat sand bottom. Plates, bowls, jars and other bottoms see more shrinking glaze points, the bottom foot sticky sand is more common. The bottom of the bowl more jump knife marks. The kilns of the people's wares more, the official kiln wares less, and there are very few wares with the year mark. [61-62]

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The Palace Collection of Qing Kangxi blue and white porcelain

The Palace Collection of Qing Kangxi blue and white porcelain (11)

2. The Kangxi (1662-1722) dynasty spanned a long time, with a wide range of types of wares and a high level of craftsmanship. The use of zhejiang and zhuming material, blue and white color in the early more gray, after the middle of the blue, bright and bright. Painting method in the early to single line flat paint-based, rough momentum; after the mid-term outlining, rendering, chapping and so on and use, painting fine, and the blue and white color scale (the so-called "blue and white five colors") and highly respected. Decorated with a variety of subjects, landscape figures, dragons and phoenixes, flowers and birds, insects and animals, poetry, Bogu, etc., which is the most characteristic of the era is the ice plum, farming and weaving, sword and horse people, double horns peony, and so on. The white edges of the designs are more obvious than those of the other dynasties. The tire is dense, fine and white, in the shape of a glutinous rice cake. The glaze is hard, tightly combined with the tire, see the orange peel or brown eyes, early white flashing green, bright white after the middle. Ware in addition to daily use, ornamental porcelain increased in large quantities, typical ware cover jar, phoenix-tailed zun, goblet, elephant-legged vase, brush holder, etc.. The foot of the artifacts also has a very strong period characteristics: faceted ware more than two-layer table bottom; pen container more jade bik bottom; foot early in the more oblique cutting on both sides of the more pointed "carp back" bottom, after the mid-term basically rounded "loach back" bottom; large plate class more than double-ringed bottom, the bottom of this bottom from the end of the Ming Dynasty and the Shunzhi appeared. The end of the Ming Dynasty and Shunzhi appeared, popular until the middle of the Kangxi period. Various types of mark, the early use of Ganzhi paragraph, the annual paragraph in regular script, after the middle of a variety of hall name paragraph, chart mark paragraph, flower bets paragraph popular, and popular until the Yongzheng. Imitation of paragraph, pseudo-toe paragraph is also more common, especially to imitate Jiajing paragraph mostly. [63-72]

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Forbidden city collection of qing yongzheng, qing qianlong blue and white porcelain

Forbidden city collection of qing yongzheng, qing qianlong blue and white porcelain(18)

3, yongzheng(1723-1735), qianlong(1736-1795) Period of blue and white wares are mostly imitated Ming Yongle, Xuande's Suma Li Qing, but there is no imported material to the end of the brush dotted with rust stains. Secondly, it was imitated the pale blue and white of Chenghua. Imitation of Ming wares in addition to the tire, glaze, green material and other aspects of the difference, the shape is also an important point of difference: Ming ware tire interface is the upper and lower connection, the Qing ware is the front and rear connection.

Yongzheng fine craftsmanship, repairing the tire to pay attention to, the folk kiln ware is rough, there are spinning tire marks. Qianlong, especially in the late process began to go downhill, in addition to inheriting the varieties of the previous dynasty, there are innovative varieties of blue and white Linglong porcelain. The content of the decoration is also more diverse than the Yongzheng, but in general to the main auspicious motifs.

Marks in addition to the year, the Yongzheng more common to see a variety of treasures, four flowers, animal-shaped paragraph, etc., the hall of fame less than the Kangxi. In the Qianlong period, there were more hall names than in the Yongzheng period, more seal scripts, and also four flowers. [73-89]

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Forbidden city of qing jiaqing to xuantong years blue and white porcelain

Forbidden city of qing jiaqing to xuantong years blue and white porcelain (20)

4, jiaqing (1796-1820) after the blue and white porcelain gradually go downhill. Pre-Jiaqing wares are basically the same as the Qianlong, but the process is rough, the shape is heavy and clumsy, thin glaze and gray, greenish. The wares of the Daoguang (1821-1850), Xianfeng (1851-1861), and Tongzhi (1862-1874) periods are generally similar: the blue and white color is floating, the tire is rough and loose, the glaze is thin, the tire and glaze are not tightly bound, and the decoration is mainly auspicious. [90-106]

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5, Guangxu (1875-1908) when the blue and white porcelain was once in the middle of the rise of the imitation of the KangXi ware at a high level, but the tire body is lighter, the white glaze is thinner and astringent, and the repair of the tire is also not fine enough. Other wares are similar to the Tongzhi in both glaze and shape. Blue and white with color is common. In addition to the year mark, there are "Changchun Palace system", "Kunning Palace system", "Cunxiu Palace system" and so on; pseudo-topography see "Kangxi system ", "Ruoshen collection" and so on.

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6, Xuantong (1909-1911) when the beginning of the emergence of chemical green material.

Related links: Qing Xuantong blue and white porcelain

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