Timeline of Ancient World History (Separate Chinese and Foreign)

I. Timeline of Ancient World History

1. Ancient Greco-Roman Period

Ancient Greco-Roman science and technology refers to the science and technology of the ancient Greco-Roman period, whose achievements reached the peak of the development of science and technology in slave societies, and he is the basis for the emergence of modern science and technology in the West, and his scientific ideas and scientific methods have also produced some modern Western science and technology. The scientific thought and scientific method have also had a certain influence on the development of modern western science and technology.

2. The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages, which lasted from the 5th century to the 15th century, is an intermediate period in the division of the three major traditions of European history. The Middle Ages began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 A.D.) and eventually blended into the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration (the Great Geographical Discoveries). Other accounts suggest that the Middle Ages ended with the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire.

3. The period of capitalist development from the 14th to the 19th centuries - the period of workshop crafts

Modern world history is the history of the emergence, establishment and development of capitalism. It is the history of the emergence and development of capitalism and the gradual formation of the capitalist world system and the transition to empire.

The whole modern world history has three threads: first, the establishment and development of the capitalist system; second, the struggle of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie; and third, the opposition of the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America to colonial oppression. In terms of time and content, it can be divided into three periods: early bourgeois revolution, industrial capitalism and monopoly capitalism.

4. The Industrial Revolution period

The Industrial Revolution (The Industrial Revolution ) began in the 1860s, and it is usually believed that it originated in the central region of England, referring to the early course of capitalist industrialization, that is, the completion of the capitalist production from the workshop handicrafts to the transition of the large-scale industry of the machine stage. The Industrial Revolution was a revolution in production and technology that replaced human labor with machines and individual workshop production with large-scale factory production.

Because the invention and use of machines became the hallmark of this era, historians call it the Age of Machines.

5, the second industrial revolution period

The second industrial revolution refers to the mid-19th century, European countries and the United States, Japan, the completion of the bourgeois revolution or reform, and promote the development of the economy. the late 1860s, the second industrial revolution. Humans entered the "electrical age".

The second industrial revolution, the capitalist countries in the economy, culture, politics, military and other aspects of the development of the imbalance, the imperialist struggle for the market economy and the struggle for world hegemony more intense. The Second Industrial Revolution, which promoted the formation of the world colonial system, led to the final establishment of the capitalist world system, and the world gradually became a whole.

6. The Second World War, the Yalta System, and the Bipolar Pattern Period

The Second World War (World War II, or World War II, also known as the World War Against Fascism, September 1, 1939-September 2, 1945) was fought between the three fascist Axis powers of the Third Reich of Germany, the Empire of Japan, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Kingdom of Hungary and Romania. Axis powers of the German Third Reich, the Empire of Japan, and the Kingdom of Italy, and the servant states of the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Romania, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria on the one hand, and the Anti-fascist League and anti-fascist forces around the world on the other, in the second global-scale war...?

The Second World War ended with the victory of anti-fascist countries such as the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China, and the people of the world over the fascist invaders to win world peace and progress.

The Second World War objectively promoted the development of science and technology, and this war led to the development and progress in the fields of aviation technology, atomic energy and heavy artillery.

Second, the timeline of ancient Chinese history

Based on historical documents and archaeological evidence, the ancient history of China can be divided into ten epochs:

1, Yanhuang Era: Yangshao culture as a representative of the about 2,400 years (50 to 26 centuries B.C.). Agricultural society, the end of matrilineal society, copper and stone era, the early stage of patriarchal society. Private ownership, commerce, warfare, and slavery had already appeared in the Yanhuang Era.

2. Yu Xia Period: represented by Longshan Culture and Qijia Culture, about one thousand years (twenty-sixth to sixteenth centuries BC). Erlitou culture tout: to the early Bronze Age, two-wheeled vehicles, cities, writing and other signs of ancient civilization. Legendary era of Zhuan Xu, ??u, Yao, Shun, Yu or can be studied for inclusion in the collection of stories of this era.

3, Shang and Zhou Dynasties: the middle of the Bronze Age, the middle of the feudal system, with Yin ruins, oracle bones as a typical representative. Chenggang destroyed Xia, King Wu Zhou, national riots for this era of trilogy. About eight hundred years.

4, qi chu ji: copper and iron era, about six hundred years. The many neighboring ethnic forces represented by Qi and Chu (representing the coastal areas and the Yangtze River valley), integrated into China on a large scale, laying the foundation for the eventual formation of the Han race. During this era, the feudal system collapsed from its heyday, society underwent great changes, and the feudal imperial system sprouted. There are important historical stories such as the Western Zhou **** and and Ping Wang's eastward migration, honoring the king and asking for the Central Plains, Shang Yang's change of law, the Battle of Changping, and so on.

5, Qin and Han Dynasties: the early Iron Age, China entered the imperial era. With the great unification, the same book as the slogan of the era, the historical records, the book of the Han Dynasty for the sign of the times, Cai Lun to improve the papermaking more epoch-making significance. There are important historical stories such as Qin's merger with six states, Dazhaxiang's uprising, Chu and Han's struggle, Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions, Huo Zaodi's sealing of Wolf Juxu, Zhaojun's exit from the plug, and Ban Chao's casting of pen to the military, and so on.

6, Wei Jin Ji. The Dragon's Remorse, the Yellow Turban Revolt, the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin Dynasties, the Five-Hu Rebellion, the Sixteen Kingdoms Walking the Horse, and the North and South Dynasties stand side by side.

7, Sui and Tang Dynasty. Phoenix Nirvana, Sui and Tang dynasties, Sui Wenke, Mahayana Xuanzang, Zhenguan Tiankhan, Zetian female emperor. (Sui Wen Di ......)

8, Song and Yuan Ji. The world is one, hell and heaven, civilization is extreme, barbarism is great, the death of China endless pain, God's whip shock enlightenment. (Borrowing the meaning of the European Renaissance) (Crusades, the Mongol Western Expedition, the Baghdad Hundred Years Translation Campaign ......)

9, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yellow sorghum stone, Nanke red building, thousands of years of dreams, a hundred years of humiliation, gold dust empire, sin tumor, totalitarian shackles melon and vine prison, 100,000 achievements are all dowry. (Dream of Red Mansions ......)

10, **** and discipline. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the foreign affairs movement, the Sino-Japanese War, the 1911 Xinhai, the Northern Expedition, the Republic of China **** and the war of resistance to turn around.

Extended information

Ancient world history began with the emergence of mankind three to four million years ago, ending in about the 15th century A.D., is divided into the Upper and Middle Ages of the two historical periods, experienced primitive societies, slave societies and feudal societies.

Ancient world history is the period from the birth of mankind to the Renaissance (14th-16th centuries). Before the emergence of civilization, human beings experienced a long prehistoric period. With the development of productive forces, primitive societies were gradually replaced by class societies. Starting from 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, splendid ancient civilizations were born in the great river valleys of Asia and Africa, and in Greece and Rome in Europe, where states appeared and slave societies entered.

In the process of the decline and collapse of the slave system, the feudal system was developed and established, and socio-economic and cultural development slowly moved forward. During the period of the world's ancient history, the ancient civilizations created by various regions and peoples laid the foundation for the emergence and development of modern civilization. The formation of the three major religions of Buddhism, Christianity and Islam had a profound impact on the development of world history.

From the emergence of human civilization to the 15th century, contacts and exchanges between Asia, Africa and Europe gradually intensified, while the Americas and Oceania were largely isolated from Asia, Africa and Europe.

China is one of the earliest civilizations in the world, with nearly 4,000 years of written history. Ancient Chinese history has gone through the following stages: primitive society (1.7 million years ago - 2070 BC), slave society (2070 BC - 476 BC) and feudal society.

Of these, feudal society can be divided into five stages: the Warring States, Qin, and Han are the stages of formation and initial development of feudal society. The Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties, and the North and South Dynasties are the stages of feudal state division and great ethnic integration. The Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties period is the prosperous stage of feudal society. Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan, a stage of further strengthening of national integration and continued development of feudal economy. The Ming and Qing dynasties were the stages of consolidation of the unified multi-ethnic state and the gradual decline of the feudal system.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Ancient World History (Branches of World History)

Baidu Encyclopedia - Ancient Chinese History (History of China)