Can you give examples to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of various information dissemination from ancient times to the present?

1, China ancient folk exchange organization

The post office is the government's communication agency, which only delivers official documents. Ordinary people can only convey information by asking people to convey it, but it is slow and easy to delay and lose. There are many stories about "Hongyan's Biography" in China ancient books, which shows how difficult it is for ancient people to communicate. Today, people still regard Hongyan as a symbol of postal communication, which shows that the people have high hopes for postal communication.

The formation of folk communication organizations began in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, it was mainly due to the development of social economy, especially the needs of commerce and trade. First of all, between Chang 'an and Luoyang, there is a "post donkey" serving folk businessmen. At that time, there was another method called "flying money", that is, businessmen from all over the world deposited the money from selling goods in Chang 'an in the office of Chang 'an local government, and then returned it to the local government with a receipt. This is the bud of today's remittance business. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the People's Information Bureau appeared. In the southwestern provinces, there has also been a "horse meeting" to visit relatives with letters. According to legend, the farmers who moved to Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Hubei Province, missed their hometown and made an appointment to send representatives back to their hometown every year to bring some local products and letters back and forth. Later, a people's letter bureau was gradually formed.

The Human Resources and Social Security Bureau began to appear in coastal cities with convenient transportation and developed trade, and then gradually developed to the mainland. The People's Information Bureau is a profit-making private organization. On the one hand, they do it in favorable places, and no one cares in remote areas; On the other hand, in order to attract business, they compete with each other to provide convenience for customers, such as sending people to collect letters and remit money, which can also be charged, which has promoted the rapid development of the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (182 1 to 1874), the People's Information Bureau reached its peak, and there were thousands of People's Information Bureaus throughout the country. Some set up their headquarters in Shanghai, a commercial center, and set up branches and offices in various places. The People's Information Bureau is interrelated and forms a non-governmental exchange network.

Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, some poor people in coastal areas such as Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang have been trafficked abroad to work as coolies in order to make a living. These overseas Chinese who live overseas have to correspond with their relatives and friends in the motherland, or send goods and remittances back to the motherland, and the "Overseas Chinese Approval Bureau" came into being. In fact, the Overseas Chinese Information Bureau is the Overseas Chinese Information Bureau. Because Fujian dialect calls "letter" as "batch", it is called Overseas Chinese Information Bureau, which serves overseas Chinese communication. Due to its thoughtful service to overseas Chinese and outstanding reputation, the Overseas Chinese Approval Bureau almost monopolized the business of sending letters and remittances by overseas Chinese.

Since the invasion of China by foreign capitalism, the feudal ruling class allowed the invaders to seize the postal rights of China, and colluded with foreigners, using their special rights of being an official and a foreigner, forcing the People's Information Bureau to register, accepting the leadership of the Customs and Postal Service, restricting the People's Information Bureau from sending mail to ships, and adopting capitalist competition means, which made most People's Information Bureaus in an inoperable position. By 1935, the People's Information Bureau had been forcibly closed by the Kuomintang, and until the eve of liberation, there were more than 100 overseas Chinese approval bureaus.

2. Semi-feudal and semi-colonial postal services

From the Opium War in 1840 to the eve of national liberation in 1949, during the semi-feudal and semi-colonial years of 100, China lost its postal rights at the same time, resulting in a chaotic situation in which the postal route, the People's Information Bureau, the Overseas Chinese Approval Bureau, the passenger station, the customs and the Daqing Station coexisted one after another.

(1) "Guest Mail"

Since 1840, the closed door of China feudal dynasty was opened by capitalist invaders, and China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. First, Britain set up a British post office in China, and then France, the United States, Germany, Russia, Japan and other countries also set up their own post offices in China. The Qing government called these foreign post offices that robbed China of postal rights "guest post". These so-called "guest mails" are almost all over the country, from coastal areas to inland areas, and even to remote areas such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. The purpose of setting up "guest post" in China by imperialist powers is not to facilitate the use of postal services by our people, but to serve our political, military, economic and cultural aggression. Some countries also use "guest mail" to traffic opium, morphine and other drugs in large quantities, and smuggle and evade taxes. "Postal accommodation" is actually a place that plunders our wealth and poisons our people. It was not until 192 1 that the "China Passenger Mail Case" was cancelled at the nine-nation Pacific Conference and the arms limitation conference held in the United States. Japan's "guest mail" in Northeast China and Britain's "guest mail" in Tibet depend on it. After India's independence, it inherited Britain's "tolerance mail" in Tibet until 1 April 19541.

Beacon tower is one of the most important components of the Wan Li Great Wall defense project. Its function is to serve as a facility for transmitting military information. Beacon, a tool for transmitting information, has a long history. When the Great Wall was first built, it was well used and gradually improved, which became the best way to transmit military information in ancient times. The way to spread is to burn smoke during the day and raise fire at night, because the sun is very strong during the day and the fire is not easy to see, and it can be seen far away at night. This is a very scientific and fast way of information transmission. In order to report the number of invading enemy soldiers, the number of smoke and fire is used to distinguish. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of cigarettes and torches was also increased, so as to enhance the effect of alarm and make military information transmit thousands of miles in an instant. In the absence of telephone and radio communication in ancient times, this method of transmitting military information can be said to be very rapid. The layout of the beacon tower is also very important. It is important to arrange it in a place where mountains are dangerous, or where peaks turn, and it must be that all three stations can see each other for easy viewing and transmission. Beacon Tower used to be called Pavilion, Pavilion Tunnel and Beacon Tower in Han Dynasty, and Yandun in Ming Dynasty. In addition to transmitting military information, it also protects the safety of diplomatic envoys, provides accommodation, supplies horses and other services. In some sections of the Great Wall, there are only beacon towers and pavilions without walls, which shows the importance of beacon towers in the Great Wall defense system.

Information technology, in the last two or three decades, is the fastest stage of scientific and technological development in history, and all kinds of high-tech have mushroomed, among which information technology is the most prominent and has become the most active field of contemporary new technological revolution. Information technology is a comprehensive high-tech consisting of computer technology, communication technology, information processing technology and control technology. It is the foundation and core of all high technologies. Its development is based on the progress of electronic technology, especially microelectronics technology. Information technology plays a leading role in the development of other high-tech, which in turn promotes the faster development of information technology. Generally speaking, other technologies act on energy and matter, while information technology has changed people's understanding of space, time and knowledge. The extensive application of information technology will fully tap human intellectual resources and play a catalytic and multiplier role in the performance of various production factors, including energy and material resources.

Since there is no unified and accepted definition of information so far, it is impossible to have a unified and accepted definition of information technology. It is generally believed that the so-called information technology is the sum total of all means for human beings to develop and utilize information resources.

Information technology includes not only the generation, collection, representation, detection, processing and storage of information, but also the transmission, transformation, display, identification, extraction, control and utilization of information. Visible, as a general sense of information technology, its history is almost as long as information, because as long as there is information, it will play a role, and information that cannot play a role is meaningless. And various technologies that make information work are not only available in modern times, but also in ancient times. In terms of information transmission, it is an important part of information technology. In ancient times, it was done by gestures; In ancient times, it was carried out with beacon towers and post stations; In modern times, it is realized by telephone, telegraph, television, fax, microwave and communication satellite. Although the functions and efficiency of the three eras are not the same, their purpose is the same, that is, to transmit information as accurately and quickly as possible. This is the case with information transmission technology, and so are other components of information technology. Although the embryonic form of information technology has existed for a long time, it is only in recent decades that people really pay attention to it as a technology and systematically study, develop and utilize it. The development of information technology is almost the same as that of information. Before the 1960s, computer technology was mainly used in the military. Since the early 1960s, computer technology has been gradually used in information processing. After 1970s, especially in 1990s, with the rapid development of computer technology, database technology, communication technology and network technology, information processing technology seems to have inserted powerful wings and entered a new stage of rapid development. Therefore, in a sense, a history of human civilization is a history of information technology development.