Turkish culture and art

With the appearance of court culture, Turkish music experienced the evolution from folk to classical, and16th century composer Itri brought Turkish music to a peak. Daidai, Haji Aref Beye and Tambuli Jamalbai are all masters of Turkish classical music. Turkish classical music is enduring and still popular. Turkish pop music is born out of traditional music. Turkish classical music mainly uses traditional musical instruments, such as tambourine, cannon, Qian Qin Ge, Naixiao and Ude. For centuries, folk music has also developed slowly in rural areas of Turkey, with various themes and rhythms, and tens of thousands of folk songs have been circulated so far. Turkish religious classical music, which is dominated by songs, also has centuries of history and extremely rich traditions, reaching the artistic peak represented by Mevlevi. The Sultan of Turkey invited western orchestras to entertain at major festivals such as weddings, which was the beginning of Turkey's exposure to western classical music. The great Italian composer Dong Ze conducted the court band for many years. The first military band in Turkey was founded in19th century.

The Presidential Symphony Orchestra (1924) and Istanbul Chamber Orchestra, which were established during the * * * period, played an important role in introducing and popularizing symphonies in Turkey. Turkish folk songs and Turkish classical music are the sources of inspiration for Turkish composers. At present, conductors Hilmet Simsek and Guler Chical, pianists Idylle Bilet and Zhu Haier, sisters Sohail Pagina and violinist Su Na Kan have all become world-renowned artists. Leila Gencel is one of the leading sopranos in Scala Opera House, and she is very popular every time she returns to her hometown of Istanbul. Literature, as a carrier that has influenced the history, legends, myths and political and social changes of this ancient land for thousands of years, has always been an important part of Turkish cultural life. The earliest pre-Islamic literary heritage is the inscription Orhun found in central Mongolia, which was carved on two huge stone tablets in 735 AD, recording the deeds of a Turkish king's brother. During the Ottoman period, poetry was the main literary genre, mainly using Anatolian dialect or Ottoman language, and the main theme was beauty and romance. Ottoman palace literature is deeply influenced by Persian culture, and its literary language is a mixture of Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Different from the tedious palace literature, the folk literature created by Turkish troubadours once praised nature, love and God in simple Turkish. In the 20th century, the language of Turkish literature tends to be simplified, and the theme is more focused on politics, society and people's livelihood. In 1930s, under the influence of Russian poet Mayakovski, Nadeem Hikmet, a great politically controversial poet, wrote liberal poems. Today, Yashar Kemal has become a recognized master of Turkish popular novels with his vivid description of Turkish life. Young Turkish writers often go beyond ordinary social problems and try to explore issues such as women's rights and the opposition between East and West, which have always been welcomed by Turkish intellectuals. Pamuk, Nedim Gulsel, Ahmed altan and pienaar Kul are rising stars in contemporary Turkish literature.