What exactly are the roles of the "Sheng, Mai, Jing, Dan, and Chou"?

The origin of the names of the roles in the opera has always been a matter of opinion. A more common saying is: "Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou" is the use of "metaphors" for the name, which is in fact a very old legend, as early as in the miscellaneous operas, the legend of the popularity of the times. However, when this saying was in full bloom, it has been pointed out that it is false. Such as the Ming Dynasty writer Zhu Zhishan's "hedgehog" said: "Sheng, net, Dan, the end of the name, it is said to be the opposite of what is called, or to the Tang Zhuangzong, all fallacious clouds. Sheng is a man, Dan is said to load Dan color, net is said to net children, the end is said to the end of the mud, lone is an official, that is, the sound of its soil, what is the righteousness of there?" This clearly denied the role of opera "metaphor" statement.

First, let's talk about "Sheng". Zhu Zhishan said: "Sheng is a man." It is simple, but reasonable. Mr., after the student, Confucian students, as well as Zhang Sheng, Li Sheng, etc., in which the original meaning of "Sheng" is not a male title? Some people may think that this is too simple and common, and insist on examining the mystery, resulting in some far-fetched claims.

And then there's the "dan". People often want to understand why women on stage are called "dan". Theater historian Zhou Yibai believes that the word "Dan" evolved from the word "Sister". The order is the first "Sister", by "Sister" blackmail for "Da" (Song miscellaneous dramas have "Old Orphan遣妲", "Shuang卖妲", "Ragging Shop Huida","" Dada" is the blackmail of "Sister"), and then "Dada" is abbreviated to "Dan" (in the Jin and Yuan Yuan Yuanben, there are "Dan Judgement of Orphans" and "Sour Orphan Dan", and the original "Old Orphan Dispatch of Dada" became "Old Orphan Dispatch of Dada"). The original "Old Orphan Dispatching Dada" became "Old Orphan Dispatching Dan" (see Zhou Yibai's "Collected Essays on Chinese Opera"). "Sister" has always been a term of endearment for women, and since "Dan" is the blackmail of "Sister", it is quite understandable that "Danjiao" specializes in female roles. The first is that it is not a good idea to use the term "female" in the same way as "female" in the same way.

Then again, "net". Yuan Ke Danqiu that "net" that is "beautiful" of the black. He explained that: "Fu powder and ink offer a smile for the talker, powder white and green, the ancient said that the beautiful dress, today's common black for the net." "net" with face paint, is indeed white and green, in line with the meaning of "beautiful", Ke Danqiu's statement is reliable.

When it comes to "ugly", there is no need to explain, it is relative to "handsome". People do not often say "ugly play", "handsome play"? The characters played by the "clowns" are not all bad guys, but most of them have to smear a piece of white powder on the bridge of their nose, and their image is ugly after all.

Respondent: Sun Zhiwang - the same scholar origin seventh level 3-4 21:50

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Peking Opera line is also known as the "role". roles, can be divided into five major lines: sheng, dan, jing, end, chou.

1. Sheng line abbreviated as "Sheng". Sheng line is divided into Sheng (Sheng), red Sheng, Sheng, Wu Sheng, doll Sheng and so on. One of the important lines in Beijing opera.

Shu Sheng (Lao Sheng): that is, more than middle-aged playwrights, wearing a beard (beard), due to different personalities and identities, can be divided into An Gong Lao Sheng or singing Lao Sheng (such as playing the emperor, bureaucrats, literati, etc.), rely on the Lao Sheng (such as playing a general), the decline of the old school Lao Sheng (such as playing the poor and downtrodden people, etc.).

Hongsheng: the red face of the hook sushi, such as playing Guan Yu, Zhao Kuangyin and so on.

Small Sheng: refers to the drama of the plume Sheng (with pheasant plume generals, princes and lords, etc.), the gauze hat Sheng (official Sheng), fan Sheng (scholar), poor Sheng (poor scholar) and so on.

Wusheng: the role of martial arts for the play, wearing thick-soled boots called long leaning (dunzi) Wusheng, wearing thin-soled boots called short beat (skimmer) Wusheng.

2. Dan line short for "Dan". Divided into green, flower Dan, Wu Dan, knife and horse Dan, old Dan, paste Dan, girl Dan and other roles. Dan all female.

Qingyi: mainly singing, playing the role of a good wife and mother.

Flower Dan: also called Flower Shirt, characterized by flowery costumes, mainly plays the roles of queens, princesses, noble ladies, female generals, hawkers, village girls, and so on.

Wudan, knife and horse Dan: women who are good at performing martial arts.

Laodan: sung with this noise, mostly middle-aged and old women.

3. net line short for "net", also known as the flower face. Pure angle refers to the face of colorful drawings of the role of the flower face, it does not seem clean, so the opposite of the meaning of ''net" net line is divided into the following roles: to sing the main copper hammer flower face and black head flower face; to frame the main frame of the frame of the flower face, such as the generals, monks, heroes, and the martial arts flower face and wrestling flower face, and so on. Bronze hammer Hua face called positive net, frame Hua face called vice net, Wu Gong Hua face name Wu net, Wu two Hua face words red net, in the performance style have different characteristics.

4. end line short for "end". The line is mostly middle-aged men. The actual end of the line specializing in the introduction of the play functions, such as playing the head of the field, the opposite of its meaning and called "end".

5. clown line short for "ugly". Chou line in the play hook face, and hook painting "three flower face", face and flower face is very different.

The clown line is subdivided into the clowns, military clowns. In the Wen Chou, it is divided into the square-toweled Chou (literati, Confucian); and the Wu Chou, who specializes in martial arts roles such as falling, hitting, flipping, and pouncing. According to the animal phases, the ugly belongs to the ox, the ox is stupid, ugly is synonymous with stupid. However, the Wu Chou on the stage is also known as the opening jump, and can talk and jump, performing lively and clever, good at performing martial arts roles, which is completely different from the ugly and stupid nature of the ox.

Respondent: Komatsu Blog - CEO Level 15 3-4 21:50

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Dan net end ugly The name comes from the fact that many people who study opera have relied on guesswork. A more common saying is: "Sheng, Dan, net, ugly" is to use the "metaphor" to take the name. This is actually a very old legend, dating back to the days when miscellaneous dramas and legends (different forms of ancient operas) were popular. The Ming Dynasty genius Zhu Zhishan was very dismissive, he thought that the raw Dan, clean and ugly said that it is the opposite, or pretending to be the name of the Tang Zhuangzong, very meaningless, which is just a common name, what is the truth can be talked about. It is really a great talent, one sentence tops a thousand sentences of other people.

From this point of view, the raw, that is, refers to the man, otherwise how would there be Mr., after the student, the Confucian student, as well as Zhang Sheng, Li Sheng, and so on called. Dan, the explanation is a little more complicated, theater historian Zhou Yibai believes that the word "Dan" is evolved from the word "Sister". The order is the first "Sister", then "Sister" was blackmailed as "Da" (Song Dynasty miscellaneous dramas such as "Old Orphan遣妲", "Double Selling Da", "Da" is "Sister", "Da" is "Sister". ), and then from "da" to "dan" (in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there are plays such as "Dan Judge Orphan" and "Sour Orphan Dan", and the former "Old Orphan Dispatch Dada" also became "Dan"), and then from "da" to "dan". Old Orphan Dada" also became "Old Orphan Dan"). "Sister" has always been a term of endearment for women, as evidenced in Tianjin. Since "Dan" is derived from "Sis", it is understandable that "Danjiao" was exclusively for women. Pure, the Yuan Ke Danqiu that "Pure" is "beautiful" of blackmail. He said, net to use face, pink and white and green, really pretty dress. The beautiful is called open, and then I do not know how to blackmail into the net.

No need to explain, it is just relative to "handsome". The characters played by the "clowns" are not all bad guys, but most of them have to smear a piece of white powder on the bridge of their noses, and their image is ugly after all. Some people may feel that this explanation is too simple, ordinary, such as hard to test the mystery, will be able to find a new statement.

Nowadays, Peking Opera roles are also divided into "Sheng, Dan, Jingsheng, Chou", but there are many classifications for each item. I'm not going to go through them one by one.

Li Yu, an opera scriptwriter in the Ming Dynasty, was very poor (then again, what opera scriptwriter isn't poor), and once he went to a rich relative to borrow money, the relative just made a strong toast to the tea, and didn't mention the word money. Li Yu also did not mention it, finished the tea, took the boat and left. The rich relative secretly smiled. Not long ago, someone sent a small bag, which has a clown hook face with white powder and a pen. The rich relative looked at it and immediately prepared a sum of money and sent it to Li Yu. Li Yu saw the silver, smiled and put down the pen, a rich relatives as the protagonist of the clown play has been written into half.

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Peking Opera, also known as Peking Opera and National Opera. It was first produced around 1970, 150 years ago. Initially the Beijing Opera did not have a fixed singing style and genre, mixed with Hui Ban, Kunqu, blowing and Sipingtong, etc., experienced changes and groping, and eventually had its own style, that is - Beijing Opera.

They were all told to me by my grandfather, who is a great lover of Peking Opera. When he talked about the history of Peking Opera, he could tell me in detail about the origins of the sects and the singing styles of the disciples, and he was very enthusiastic about the history of Peking Opera, and he was very enthusiastic about the history of Peking Opera, and he could tell me in detail about the history of Peking Opera. To be honest, I don't really like Peking Opera, and if I really want to relate it to my preferences, it's just that I'm interested in the faces and the costumes and the movements.

The first Peking Opera clip I watched was the famous Peking Opera artist Mr. Mei Baojiu's Drunkenness of the Concubine. The noblewoman's face is flushed, her eyes are flowing, and she is also angry and happy, as well as the posture of drinking wine after getting down, all of which made me y impressed and enamored. The small fast board a knock, tada tada tada ...... dong dong choking, pause. Grandpa began to explain the scene: before the female role are male play, singing opera is the most despised line. It is said that the playwright playwright, that is spurned ah. It's really feudal. I don't care. Good! On the stage of the princess a debut, off-stage grandfather a call for color.

While I don't understand much of the Peking Opera lyrics, I do know a little about the faces and costumes. Peking Opera face is a key step, character and identity often in the lyrics are not yet out of the mouth, can be seen from the face. Such as Guan Gong's red face, Xiang Yu's white face, Zhang Fei's black face, Cao Cao's pink and white face with thin eyebrows and long eyes, shaking the cover of the yellow old three tile face, and so on, this is the most basic distinction.

The whole set of costumes in Peking Opera is very complicated. Clothing alone, it is divided into six categories: robes, short clothes, armor, helmets and hats, boots and shoes and accessories. Long robes are mostly worn by officials, long robes and insteps, with water sleeves and loose belts. This type of robe pattern is generally loose dragon pattern, the best remembered is the "Qin Xianglian" in the long robe of the Bao Gong, black background on the cloth gold loose dragon, the atmosphere is solemn. Short clothes are generally divided into bartender, boy clothes, matchmaker or young women wear color Dan coat, there are tight clothes, also known as night clothes. Water Margin in the Shi Xiu is such a "fast clothes and pants" dress. Armor class is very good to understand, that is, the battle dress. Clothes have a hard back, inserted colorful war flag, turn up very nice. Typical when the "Yangmen female general" in the Mu Guiying costume. Helmets and hats as its name, that is, the character of the top wear, the emperor's dragon crown, the empress of the phoenix crown, the scholar of the literati scarf, the official's hat. Peking Opera crown is also representative of the identity of a character, often said to remove your hat is also just your official position means. Shoes and boots are divided into thick-soled official boots and boots, most of the official futures with white soles, seeking harmony with the official uniform. The boots are divided into women's and men's wear, there are also different. The last accessory category contains water sleeves, belts, rice sheets and other items. Sleeves are most often used to express the emotions of the characters, fluttering their sleeves in circles when they are happy, and whisking their sleeves away when they are angry, all of which are very vivid.

There are many roles in Peking Opera, which are roughly divided into the following: the old man, the young man, the martial arts man, the green man, the flower girl, the knife and the horse girl, the rack, the clown, the colorful girl, etc. Each role has its own singing voice. Each role has its own singing voice and demeanor, as fine as a finger fiddling, as big as the clothing line can not be wrong. This kind of performance form, afraid of the world only in China.

Opera is China's national treasure, in addition to Beijing opera, there are Kunqu, Yu opera, Huangmei opera, Gaojia opera, Henan opera, Huai opera, and so on and so forth.

Peking Opera, as one of the major types of traditional opera, will continue to flourish. Where there are Chinese people, there is opera.