Peking Opera Singing Techniques

Peking Opera Singing Techniques

1, the so-called "word clear", that is, in the singing, the actor should be clear from the skills of the word in the mouth and the point of force, as well as correctly grasp the different mouth shapes and changes in the pronunciation of the parts of the mouth, and then the word clearly sent to the audience's ears. The actor then delivers the words clearly to the audience's ears. In order to achieve the goal of "clear words", there are different requirements in the use of techniques. For example, the technique of "the cavity follows the word, the word leads the cavity, the word brings the cavity, the cavity supports the word, the word is correct and the cavity is round" focuses on the master-slave, dependent relationship between the cavity and the word during the process of performing the cavity. The principle is to use the word cavity, word heavy cavity light, sing the word not sing the cavity.

Bai Fengming, a famous artist in the world of Chinese opera, once said, "Clear articulation, heavy words, moving sound, intoxicating tone." All is said cavity born in the word, because the word on the principle of cavity requirements. If the word light cavity heavy, the word for the sound of the package, listen to the sound of the word, cavity does not reach the meaning; word soft cavity just, can not control the staccato, listen to almost shouting, cavity straight emotionless. Therefore, the word should be heavy, the cavity should be light, the word should be just, the cavity should be soft, so light and heavy, just and soft, in line with the laws of the cavity. Like the plum blossom body, old and young, just soft, wrong and longitudinal, to be able to curve all the way.

In summary, the above, emphasized the cavity with the word go singing principle. In singing, you should sing the words true, sing correctly, sing accurate. This is the reason why "the cavity is born in the word".

2, opera singing to comply with the "love", "word", "sound" three principles. Cavity can not give the word sound bundled dead; word sound can not be destroyed for the singing cavity. The word is fundamental, the cavity is the form of expression, the cavity is round for the love of accurate. Singing melody and word sound manipulation, the two should be harmonious and complementary, in order to receive the effect of the word is round.

In artistic practice, due to a variety of reasons or rhyme, or because of the expression of feelings, or because of the emphasis, or in addition to the Beijing sound Beijing rhyme, but also based on the Hunan-Guangzhou rhyme and other reasons. The word and the cavity are sometimes contradictory, sometimes the word is sung correctly, the cavity is not necessarily round, and sometimes the cavity is round, but not necessarily sound correct. It can only be a standard, a requirement.

3, said the opening must be open, teeth knocking Qi must come, handful of words in the jaw, lips ah must be harmonious

"open", "Qi", "handful",

"open call": out of the sound of force in the throat, through the palate and out of the mouth open and sound macro. Such as: Dan, board, often, hair, broken, scolding ....... "Qi Teeth Call": The corners of the mouth are grinning to the sides, slightly showing the teeth, and the sound is light and sharp. For example: smoke, sky, elephant, Xie, home. "Harmonized mouth call: both lips are slightly closed, and the sound is rounded. For example: Bay, Xiang, Huang, Guo, Gua, Odd, For. "Handful of mouth": the mouth is closed and the outer lips are narrowed and slightly forward. For example: abyss, spring, far, cloud, courage, fish, boots.

"Four calls" is a term used in Chinese phonetics. With these four terms to indicate the pronunciation of reading words, only understand the "four calls", grasp the oral cavity form, the word sound is accurate. "Four calls" and "rut mouth" ("thirteen rut" to rhyme), in the opera singing, reading in each other for use. After mastering these two tools, no matter how the tone of voice in the singing, how long, will not happen "word rhyme" problem.

In the past, most artists did not understand the "four calls", so the word pronunciation is often "open and close uneven", "Qi and handful of undefined". Such as the Beijing opera "sitting palace" Yang Yanhui sang: "think of the beach will be a bloodbath" sentence in the "blood" word for the Qi teeth call, some people mispronounce the handful of calls for the The word "blood" in the sentence "I thought the beach would be a bloody battle in the past" was originally Qi To Hue, but some people mispronounced it as Xue (xue). Another example is Chen Bo Yu in the "Scholar's Spectrum", who sang: "I am sorry that I am half a hundred years old, but I have no descendants!" The character "半" in the sentence is originally "buan" (buan), but some people mispronounce the character "扮" (ban) as in "开口呼". Therefore, whether reading, literacy, speaking, singing non-knowledge of the "four calls" can not be, especially in the opera singing, reading the role of biting more.

4, singing taboo soil must be divided into yin and yang, there is cold and hot can be put can be collected

"soil" that is the dialect of the local language. China's vast territory, a variety of theater, general local theater, are based on its respective dialects for the main body of its voice. The voice of each type of opera is based on the most standardized and popularized language in the region. For example, Peking Opera was initially based on the "Hukuang sound". ("Huguang" is the "Huguang Province" set up by the Ming and Qing dynasties, meaning Hunan and Hubei. (See "Dictionary" has set "Huguang" article >) In fact, it is only Wuhan accent; Qinqiang to Xi'an voice-based; Sichuan opera to Chengdu voice-based ...... and so on. Jealous of the dialect, not the language of the local theater, are unified for the standard voice, that would lose the local characteristics, in the form of artistic expression is also extremely difficult to do.

And the taboo is that the theater in the region can not be those who are not standardized native language as the basis of its voice. Just as the standard language is based on the Beijing dialect, not on the Beijing dialect. Therefore, in Gu Misrule Records, it is said, "To get started, one must first correct the native sounds that he or she has committed, and then he or she can speak the song." Advertisement: Characters are divided into yin and yang, and so is the cavity. "If there is no yin and yang in the cadence, there will be no ups and downs, no hierarchy, no changes, and it will become a dull cadence, a dead cadence." Divided out of yin and yang, you can avoid the flat, singing can inhibit the yang chi, Xu Disease section, not fire, not plague, show the strength of the work.

5, the so-called hot and cold refers to the cavity to pass the song. Chinese opera singing, generally placed in the drama of the character's thoughts and feelings of the centralized flow of the place. Whether or not you can sing through the means of the character's thoughts and feelings, directly related to the shaping of the artistic image. Sometimes the same lyrics, divided into who to sing, have kung fu, have studied the people, can be sung both moving and touching. Although the same spectrum of work, educated actors sing, can be characters at the time of joy, anger, sadness and happiness of the emotions, the participation in the melody of the singing, to do the melodious, hot and cold distinct. "Cold" (low back to the sadness), singing the sadness, cold in the heat. Produced "a sing to the melting of God, hair and bones of the June cold" artistic infectivity.

6, "hot" when (impassioned), can cause "a straight into the green clouds, how many sadness and happiness at this time" of artistic charm.

The so-called "collection", "release", refers to the use of singing, control. When you put the cavity, the gas transportation enough, hard to put the cavity of the wide, put far; close the cavity, to lift the cavity luck, broken cavity without gas. The closing of the cavity must seek round, the end of the song is still the original key.

7, treble gas should be sufficient, low gas convergence, high and low collection of sharp and turbid is not obvious

This is about the actor's singing breath control. The so-called "high light over" that is to say, all singing high, should be lifted by the Dantian gas, the word sound from low to high, in order to tune the word, according to the cavity stick to the tone, then can be clear and bright. Do not have sound without sound, almost shouting. To make people listen to easy and smooth, do not make a sense of strain, so the requirements of the "light over". Lefu Chuan sound" cloud: "...... so the word to sing, do not have to exert all the call, but the word to do narrow, do fine, do sharp, do deep sound from high carry on!" In addition to narrow, fine, sharp, deep, should also master a "Fen" word (the meaning of rocking up), the artist said: "cavity high to see the excitement, no excitement is not high."

8, the so-called "low cavity heavy brake" that is, singing low cavity to "appropriate heavy, appropriate slow, appropriate sink, appropriate, appropriate". The natural law of sound is that the high sound is sharp and thin, low sound is cloudy, the sound of any object is like this. It is impossible to change this law. However, through the appropriate control of breath and scientific use, to manipulate the sound of the weak strong high, so that the high and low articulation of natural, coordinated, is completely achievable.

9, in order to achieve the "cavity is not thin, cavity is not weak," the purpose, according to the artist said, sing the treble gas to put enough, sing the bass gas must be convergence. The higher the pitch, the more the gas to put enough, so that although the sound is high and not show the tip of the narrow; the lower the sound, the more we must try to converge the gas, to control, so that the cavity is not weak and soundless, so that although the sound is low and not born turbid. High put low collection of two under a together, high tip low turbidity ills will not show.

10, "gas thick" is the use of breath lack of control skills, the inhalation of the breath out of the tube, resulting in the sound of the shallow not real. The "weak breath" is the lack of breath, the sound is thin and weak. "Turbid breath" means that the breath is turbid and uneven, and the sound produced is stagnant and turbid. "The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty.

Slow plate is difficult to tight fast plate is difficult to stable scattered plate is difficult to accurate

Note: the essentials of singing a good slow plate, fast plate, scattered plate. Slow plate is prone to delay the problem, so pay attention to sing more compact; fast plate is prone to grab the board of the problem, so pay attention to sing more stable; loose plate is prone to laxity of the problem, so pay attention to sing more round accurate.

11, read like singing, sing like reading

This is Mr. Gao Shenglin said. Peking Opera recitation is not like singing with a rich melody, but the recitation on the stage of Peking Opera is different from the daily speech, it has a special tone, the actor on the stage, the words of the white to read out its musical melody, that is, the so-called "recitation should be sung like". Language is the basis of singing, actors singing on stage, pay attention to the beauty of the melody while paying attention to the coherence of the language and tone of expression, that is, the so-called "sing like reading".

These two sentences actually emphasize the musicality of Peking Opera recitation and the language of Peking Opera singing.

12, clear articulation, heavy words, moving voice, intoxicating sound

Chinese opera singing, pay attention to the "word clear, true feelings". The so-called "true feelings" includes four aspects:

1, that is, the art of singing is not for the rhyme and rhyme, but through the voice to express feelings.

2, before the actor in the cavity, shape (movement), Rong (expression) should first play a role in supporting.

3, after the cavity, the "shape", "appearance" after the closure, in the expression of the waves, as if there is still a sound wave traces of the accent.

4, singing in the event of a long door, to fill the blank door with emotion.

In order to achieve the "true feelings", there are many specific requirements on the singing technique: the study of singing from the plot and character needs, each section of the play and sentence, words, etc., to make a careful review. Then clear the guests and masters, find out the beams, highlight the key points, so that singing to have feelings and rhythms. In the line of the cavity should be "accurate" in the "stability". Because "if the tune is accurate, it will not be yellow, if the board is accurate, it will not be top, if the word is accurate, there is no black sound, if the cavity is accurate, it will not be cold." In short, it is the artists pointed out that "the opening of the cavity should be scrutinized, the line of the cavity should be led. Plate tune to be accurate, not drift not floating, accurate in the see stable" singing technical requirements. Can do "review", "lead", "quasi", "stable", singing is moving and touching.

In summary, it shows that the character's emotions are the basis for the creation of the cavity, which is "cavity quasi in the feelings" of the reason.

Peking Opera Danjiao make-up method techniques

Peking Opera Danjiao facial make-up is more detailed, such as the weight of the powder, eyebrows, eyes, mouth and nose of the painting, as well as the face of the change and beautification, etc., to be said in more detail. Therefore, the following focus on the Danjiao facial make-up skills, to be described.

The face of the white powder, Dan actor's face to all powder, powder base to be uniform, the actor's own real eyebrows and lips, to be covered with powder (in order to draw eyebrows and apply lipstick). The neck should not be powdered, but should be powdered (here with a pen to say that the hands must also be powdered. But to be slightly lighter than the face of the white powder, too white is not good).

Rouge, facial make-up of the various roles in the line, to Dan with the heaviest rouge, but not smeared into the red face. Shades of the degree, in accordance with the intensity of lighting to decide. In the stronger lights, rouge should be slightly heavier; in the weaker lights rouge officer lighter. Actors must seek experience from the stage practice, flexible use.

Rouge in addition to beautify the face and the performance of the face red, there are also adjustments and change the role of the face concave and convex, and then described.

Rouge can be roughly divided into two kinds: one is peach, the other is a big red. The peach is more colorful and delicate, while the big red is warmer and softer, and actors are free to choose to use it.

Lipstick, the actor's mouth is not the same, painted lipstick according to the different mouth type to deal with. General erase method, is a little smaller than the actor's own mouth, the lower lip is smaller than the upper lip, the lower lip near the corner of the mouth, to leave a small piece of white powder is not painted.

The different treatment of each population type: roughly, the mouth is large painted small, small painted slightly larger. Thick should be painted thin, thin should be thickened.

Actresses with a small mouth, according to my lips painted red. But the general painting method, regardless of what kind of mouth, the lower lip than the upper lip painted a little smaller. This is the -six angle erase the characteristics of the lips.

Eyebrows, eyebrow method can be divided into two kinds: one is relatively straight long, the other is more curved. Generally in the real eyebrow coated with pine smoke, the first half of the eyebrow (eyebrow head) covered in the real eyebrow; the second half (eyebrow tail) gradually leave the real eyebrow, to the eyebrow slightly end of the head, completely away from the end of the real eyebrow. Because of the human eyebrows, the end of more than slightly downward, so when the eyebrow can not be completely in accordance with the shape of the real eyebrow tracing (real eyebrow tip, has been wiped by the white powder and rouge cover, revealing traces are not very obvious. But if the depiction is too far away from the eyebrow, powder can not be covered, the stage seems to be four eyebrows, it is not good to see). Eyebrow style can be curved straight, thick and thin to be drawn with the eye circle, eyebrow thick eye circle depicted to be large, eyebrow thin eye circle depicted to be thin and long, should be appropriate to the degree of phase.

Eye, eye depiction, compared to other roles to be some thick black, style to take the beautiful. Generally, the inner corner of the eye depicted narrow and thin, the outer corner of the eye depicted to be wide and long, slightly upward. Eye circles should be close to the eyelashes, do not show yellow circles. The black edge of the upper eyelid (and eyelid junction of the perimeter), connected to the upper eyelid red and pink places, slightly to soften the fuzzy, red and black colors do not diametrically divided.

The actor's eye type, there are different, make-up is appropriate to deal with separately. Large eyes, eye circle depicted can not be too wide; small eyes, eye circle can be depicted wider. Eyes round, slightly longer; long eyes, do not have to be too long.

In addition, the distance between the two eyes is too wide, the inner corner of the eye can be depicted wider, slightly in the direction of the bridge of the nose depicted. Too narrow, the inner corner of the black eye can not be traced to the nose, so as not to make the distance between the two eyes closer. If the distance between the two eyes is too wide, the actor's inner corner of the eye on the B line, make-up black inward tracing, the inner corner of the eye pointed, painted on the two A straight line. A straight line distance, assuming that the width of the appropriate, so that the distance between the two eyes does not appear to be wide, but appropriate. If the distance between the two eyes is too close, the inner corner of the actor's eyes, originally on the A line, hook eye circle, the inner corner of the eye described by the ` black, and may not be traced towards the bridge of the nose, so as not to distance more close. At the same time, the outer corner of the eye must also be relatively longer. This is the use of human illusion, so that the audience feel that the distance between the two pairs of eyes, are the same. There is also a kind of flesh eyes, double eyelid people, eyelid folds are very deep. When painting a black eye, the black color of the upper eyelid, should be painted very wide, slightly more than the folds on the eyelid, the black color of the eye can only be seen offstage. The illustration shows a closed eye, and the width of the black of the upper eyelid is almost as large as the area of the whole eye. This width is such that the black circle of the eye can be seen off-stage only when the eye is opened and leveled, as in the case drawn in the accompanying illustration. There are others who have an eye shape in which the outer corners of the eyes are drooping downward. This eye shape is the opposite of what is required for artistic modeling. The black color of the inner corner of the eye can be drawn a little more downward. Then take the black of the upper eyelid and draw more upwards where the outer corner of the eye is. This results in an eye shape where the outer corner of the eye is raised upwards. Then, after lifting the eyebrow, it is the same as the normal eye shape. Red powder on the bridge of the nose As already mentioned, red powder has the ability to adjust the concavity of the facial features. This helps a great deal in compensating for a low or lower bridge of the nose,' which can be heightened with red powder. The method is when rubbing rouge, gently apply some rouge on both sides of the bridge of the nose, the color should be light, the bridge of the nose of the white powder must not be smeared, so that the bridge of the nose appears to be heightened up. But the red and white junction, not too neat, should be soft and fuzzy. If the rouge is applied very heavily and neatly, the front view is a white bridge of the nose, and the side view is a red nose, which is very bad. Paste the piece The piece is the forehead and temples of the short hair, divided into two kinds of size. Large pieces are pasted on the cheeks, and small pieces are pasted on the forehead. The patch method is very important, it is the art of beautifying and transforming the actor's face. General paste method, is the forehead **** paste seven small pieces, in the center of a, left and right three. Large pieces from the top of the forehead cross, left and right along the sideburns hanging down, pasted on the top of the cheeks. Make the face become the shape of a melon, the so-called "melon face". This is the general Danjiao ideal face, is a symmetrical paste.

In addition, there is another method of posting, is asymmetric, one side of the posting only a large piece to make the shape of the ripples. The other side of the paste small pieces and large pieces. In this way, it is more than symmetrical changes, playful some. This method can be used for flower girl, flower shirt. Qingyi should not be used.

There is another, only in the center of the paste a small piece, both sides of the paste large piece. Or post a large piece of the whole without posting a small piece (once upon a time, more use of this method). Flower girl is sometimes in the center of the eyebrow spike (now rare).

Another role of the paste piece is to make up for the lack of actors face shape. The face is too fat or too wide, the large piece can be pasted forward, you can reduce the area of the cheeks. Face is too narrow people, the big piece slightly backward, you can reveal more of the area of the cheeks (see attached picture). For long faces, the small piece is applied slightly downward to shorten the length of the face. For people with short faces, the small piece is applied slightly upward to increase the length of the face. However, the above statement can not be simply understood, should be used to adjust the length of the face with a small piece of the length of the face, at the same time in accordance with the entire face, eyebrows, eyes, mouth, nose and other parts of the proportion to be taken into account, in order to achieve the effect of beautification. If you simplify the use of small pieces to adjust the length of the face, on the contrary, it will not look good. In short, the piece of paste method depends on the actor's specific face, the actor should be good at using the piece to adjust the contour of the face. The form of small pieces of arrangement and small pieces or pointed or round, the distance between the pieces, as well as the entire arrangement of the form, should be treated separately according to the specific face type. Large pieces are more important, width and length, stick before and after, as well as its curved slope, wave size, can play a big role in changing the face shape. Actors must gain experience from practice.

In short, the Dan actor's facial makeup, is more detailed. The weight of the powder, eyebrows, eyes, mouth and nose of the depiction, as well as the change of the face, etc., on the one hand, should pay attention to the various departments with each other, to take into account the beautification; on the one hand, it must also be from the specific role, in order to create a distinctive character image.

Ten Taboos of Peking Opera Singing

1. Eat words:

Opera performers and then sing on the idea, pay attention to the articulation of the words clearly, so as to be able to spit words, pronunciation is accurate, and the lyrics or words white into the ears of the audience.

"Eat words" that is for the bite of the word is not clear, as if the word eaten into the stomach.

The reason why actors eat words is because they are not able to correctly use their lips, teeth, tongue, teeth, and throat to pronounce the words.

2. Inverted word:

Opera actors want to sing the word accurately, it must be Yin, Yang, on, to go (four) to find the right, such as "he" word, belonging to the Yin Ping such as read him into the upper voice, then the "tower" word.

"Inverted characters" means not recognizing the four tones.

3. Floating:

The actor then sings and reads the words lightly.

In Peking Opera singing is very concerned about the "spout" (both blast sound) the so-called "spout" that requires the actor in the bite of the word, to tighten the skin of the mouth, the breath with enough.

"Drift" is also due to the mouth is not strong, breath caused by the lack of.

4. Mouth tight:

Also known as "teeth tight".

That is, the actor can not open his mouth when he bites the word pronunciation, the upper and lower alveolar teeth are too close.

This problem not only affects the clarity and accuracy of the word, but also causes the pronunciation of straight and flat, dull.

The reason for the problem of "tight teeth" is mostly due to poor training.

5.

This problem is generally said to have two reasons, one for the actor's ear sound is not good, listening to the sound of the wrong; two for the actor with too much gas.

6. collapse tone:

Also known as the "barren tone" or "yellow tone", that is, when the actor sings, sung tunes than the accompanying instrument (huqin or flute) the prescribed tone door low.

There are two reasons for this problem, one is the actor's ear sound is not good, listening to the sound of the wrong; the second is not enough gas.

7. fall:

Actors in the singing than the original rhythm of the provisions of the slow a little bit called "fall", this fault appears in the key singing often to destroy the character feelings and the correct expression of the dramatic plot.

The reason for this problem is mostly due to the actors in the singing, for the character, the plot development, lack of due understanding.

Sometimes the actor's lack of skill in the tune he sings also contributes to this problem.

8. Throwing boards:

Also known as "walking boards", the beats of Beijing opera tunes are divided into "boards" and "eyes", where the first beat of the tune is said to be "boards" and the rest of them are "eyes".

Such as the laws of Beijing opera singing, two yellow for the board up board down, Xipi for the eye up eye down.

In the singing of the "board", "eye" singing wrong, commonly known as "lost board." The reversal of the "board" and "eye" will affect the harmony and perfection of the tune.

9. horizontal gas:

Beijing opera singers are very concerned about the use of gas, there is the so-called "gas is the source of sound" said.

The use of air, not only determines the sound of the loud or not, but also determines the expression of the song.

In Beijing opera, the mouth of the air, including inhalation, storage, exhalation, change of air ...... and so on.

When you sing, the oral cavity is too tense, the breath across the chest and can not be used to sing freely.

The poor use of the mouth of the air, but also lead to excessive fatigue of the vocal cords.

10. water cavity:

Peking Opera artists in the singing of both the sound of the mellow pleasant, but also requires the sound of the rich feelings, that is, the so-called "voice and feelings".

And the "water cavity" is precisely the lack of the above two points, like a bowl of white water, bland and tasteless.

The reason for this problem is that actors lack both singing skills and often lack of understanding of the song.

The reason for this is the lack of skill and understanding of the song.