What are the stages of modern world history? What is the central content of each stage?

Modern history can be roughly divided into three stages.

The first stage is the handicraft workshop period, from16th century to18th century. This is the childhood stage of capitalism and the stage of fierce struggle with feudalism. Four capitalist countries first appeared in the world, namely, the Netherlands, Britain, the United States and France. In terms of power comparison, feudal and pre-feudal social systems have great advantages. However, capitalist forces have developed rapidly by relying on their own vitality. By the end of this period, they had been able to compete with feudal forces and showed the momentum of victory.

The second stage is age of steam, that is, the period of industrial capitalism after the first industrial revolution. The time is from the beginning of19th century to the beginning of 1970s. It is at this stage that many countries in Europe and Asia have undergone social transformation and entered the capitalist era, such as Germany, Italy, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Belgium and Japan. Moreover, together with Britain and other countries, the capitalist world system was initially formed and began to connect with the world.

At the same time, the workers' movement, the socialist movement and the national independence movement have also developed into important historical trends. Of course, the mainstream of history at that time was capitalist reform and revolution.

The third stage is to enter the electrical age. Because the electrical age lasted until the middle of the 20th century, the word "enter" was used here. Strictly speaking, the modern history ended at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. Because we still often regard the October Revolution in Russia as the beginning of modern history, although this is different from most scholars who study world history, for the convenience of reading, we still discuss the history of the early 20th century in modern history according to the old tradition.

At this stage, the second industrial revolution brought human society into the electrical age. With the rapid development of productive forces, electricity became a new energy, and the internal combustion engine caused: R traffic revolution, the invention of trains, ocean-going ships and airplanes, the beginning of long-distance communication, the complete formation of the capitalist world system, and the emergence of modern economic and political models.

At the same time, the workers' movement, the socialist movement and the national movement have also made new progress. However, because several big countries still stick to the old tradition in dealing with international relations and expand their markets by repartitioning world territory, World War I was triggered.

To sum up:

The development of capitalist politics has obvious stages and prominent regularity. As far as its political system is concerned, only some basic principles were established in the early bourgeois revolutionary era, such as freedom and equality. After the industrial revolution, the capitalist political system is becoming more and more perfect, and the capitalist political system has matured in the monopoly stage. In this process, the capitalist political system, parliamentary system, cabinet system, electoral system and party politics have been gradually developed and improved.