Why do you want to learn college Chinese?

Talking about why you want to learn college Chinese is actually talking about why you want to learn Chinese. To know why you want to learn Chinese, you must first know what the Chinese course is. Want to know what a Chinese course is? First of all, according to the principle of philosophy, there is no discrimination without comparison. From the comparison between China and foreign countries, we can see what China people are.

1. There are no Chinese classes in western schools.

In the history of western curriculum development, ancient Greek curriculum has world significance. For example, the education in Athens pays attention to cultivating people of all kinds of development. Grammar, rhetoric and eloquence, together with arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music, constitute the curriculum system of Greek "Seven Arts". Grammar, rhetoric and eloquence are the "three great arts", and dialectics is the highest discipline and philosophical "idea"; Arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music are the "four arts", which serve the mind. Learn arithmetic to master the "battle array", geometry to master the construction of barracks, astronomy to help observe the wartime climate, and music to cultivate optimistic, brave and noble spirit. The education in ancient Rome was influenced by ancient Greece, and courses such as eloquence, literature, rhetoric, history and philosophy were offered to train politicians who were good at speaking.

Renaissance education stipulated encyclopedic teaching contents, namely language (Latin, Mandarin, Greek, Hebrew), "Seven Arts" and physics, geography, history, ethics, theology, etc. The purpose is to make the object of education "people". During the Enlightenment, Rousseau put forward the idea of "nature education" in order to obtain practical and useful knowledge from nature. Different from Rousseau, Spencer organized textbooks according to a logical system, focusing on systematic book knowledge. First of all, it puts forward "science curriculum" and "scientific knowledge is the most valuable", and takes natural science knowledge as the subject scope. Second, pay attention to the individual, study literature, art, physiology and psychology, cultivate temperament and develop personality. Spencer's curriculum design conformed to the social development and spread rapidly in the west in a short time.

In a word, one is scientific knowledge and the other is social ability, which constitute the curriculum content of modern schools. The same is true of Chinese class. If the word "Chinese" is translated into English, the results will be very rich, such as language, pronunciation and dialect. Culture, language, characters, scripts, characters and formal ceremonies (culture, spoken language, characters, characters, roles and ceremonies); Words, phrases, dialogues, proverbs, conversations, speeches (words, slang, proverbs, buzzwords, formal language) and so on. Obviously, China's word "Chinese" contains three contents of western related courses: one is common language, the other is cultural decorative language, and the third is habitual language. Therefore, the analysis of the composition of "Chinese" contains the dual significance of objective language research and social modern historical transformation. This also runs through Bacon's modern knowledge view that "knowledge is power", that is, the more you know about an object, the greater your ability to conquer it. Therefore, today's "Chinese" class in China is a reading class in the United States, a literature class in France, a citizenship class in Germany, a training class in Japan and a speech class in Russia.

These are not the languages of China.

2. Chinese is only available in China, and the Chinese course consists of three kinds of Chinese knowledge.

Chinese knowledge consists of three pillars, namely, the so-called "three disciplines": linguistic knowledge, literary knowledge and article study knowledge. Specifically, there are three categories: language knowledge, expressive knowledge and cultural knowledge. Among them, language knowledge and cultural knowledge are cognitive knowledge, and (language) expression knowledge is empirical knowledge. And these belong to three courses in western schools.

In China's educational tradition, Chinese curriculum is composed of three kinds of Chinese knowledge, so China Chinese is a hodgepodge.

Here, we can define our "language" by cutting into the origin of China language according to the saying that "we know its history, then we know its attributes".

Chinese comes from the name of Ye Shengtao, but it happened after 1949. Earlier, Chinese originated from Chinese, and Chinese textbooks named after "Chinese (Putonghua)" began in the 1920s and were named after foreign languages. Chinese language originates from Chinese studies, which are "China's inherent learning" and aimed at "foreign learning". The word "Sinology" was discovered in the Zhou Dynasty, and its modern meaning was borrowed from Japan and appeared in 1902. Zhang Taiyan said in "Introduction to Chinese Studies" that "the scholars of Chinese studies are the source of founding the country" and "Chinese studies are the learning of founding the country". This shows that Sinology, Putonghua and Chinese are all products of China's modernization, and their core bears the unique lifestyle and basic values of the Chinese nation.

Accurately speaking, the subject of Chinese began with the teaching of 1903. The Charter of Music Learning promulgated by the Qing government stipulates that the compulsory courses include: self-cultivation, reading classics, lecturing classics, China literature, arithmetic, history, geography, ambition, gymnastics and so on. Literature is the only "four subjects" that lead to traditional education in China. Therefore, ancient "literature" belongs to the Chinese subject in the modern sense, but it is an undivided category in Chinese. All classified categories, such as history, geography, etc. In general, we only adopt their forms in teaching, that is, "language expression"; In teaching, "Chinese" takes undivided literature; It includes form and content. Because "China Literature" is a branch of literature, history and philosophy, it includes all ancient documents, such as Records of the Historian, Notes of Meng Xi, Notes of Water Mirror ... all belong to the category of "China Literature". So China's "language" is still a hodgepodge.

Another example is the division of subjects that separate politics (moral cultivation) from Chinese under the Guimao academic system. Mencius said, "The way to learn lies in believing." For more than two thousand years, China's knowledge was "reassuring". Under the traditional inertia of the integration of knowledge and practice, teachers nowadays always confuse "reading and giving lectures" with "China literature" intentionally or unintentionally. As Liu Mengxi said in "Chinese Studies and National Education", it is often "to interpret variable notes through unchanging texts". China's Chinese is like blood in the water, with the task of "self-cultivation". From today's perspective, it is "humanistic spirit education" or "personality education" in Chinese class.

This phenomenon is inevitable, because there is no transcendental religion in China. China's traditional literature, history and philosophy have played a religious role in solving people's lives. Today's Chinese class can only and must "attach" this responsibility. Of course, the nature of modern curriculum determines that the inheritance of (humanistic) culture is not the responsibility of Chinese subject, but also the responsibility of other subjects. The Chinese subject is used to writing in Tao, which has become its attribute.

The conclusion is that after 1902, the Guimao school system was established and the modern education system in China was formed. Under the influence of modern school education, the application of new language (Chinese) and its teaching materials has played the role of "organizing" people's subject knowledge among people, constructed modern social concepts and ethics that are the same as the society, and profoundly changed the knowledge structure and values of China people.

Therefore, the history of the founding of the People's Republic of China, a neutral in the transformation of modern China, logically constitutes the humanistic attribute of China, which is juxtaposed with China's intellectual attribute.

3. Learn college Chinese well and give full play to the dual role of Chinese in society and life.

Chinese has the function as a society, because modern society is a society dominated by economic interests. In an economy-led society, "individuals" are incorporated into social organizations, and individuals enter the "national" cooperation system under the design, transformation and arrangement of various organizations. Accordingly, we can effectively participate in the social division of labor. Different from the traditional small-scale peasant economy society, today's country is a global cooperative body. The identity of a country is first of all the identity of language and culture. This produces a knowledge of "organizing" people between people, a knowledge of establishing * * * concepts, ethics and systems. Dr. Vignes, a professor of Chinese Department at the University of Hamburg, said, "Like English Department or Italian Department, the contents of these subjects are very narrow, mainly literature, and other departments study the history of these countries. Learning Chinese studies can help you learn about China's history, politics, society, literature, philosophy and economy. It is a whole and inseparable. " (China Youth Daily 2005. 1. 12 Freezing Point Weekly) In China, this is the social and cultural integration and ideological integration function of Chinese.

For individuals, language is equally important as an aspect of life. The advantage of Chinese is that the cold world becomes warm after being described in Chinese. For example, the death in China's words is like this:

Everyone is a book, life is the cover and death is the back cover. Although we can't change the things before and after the cover, we are free to write the stories in the book.

If death is an empty black hole, then the above description in Chinese makes death substantive and meaningful. This is a language to discuss death. Because of its narrative function, the strange world can be explained and revealed and become a controllable warm home! This tells us a truth about Chinese: Chinese is not a science, whether it is true or not; Chinese belongs to culture, providing good and evil, caring for life! The world of science is cold, and China people have built a sincere and warm world in the cold world. Learn Chinese well, and a monotonous life can blossom and bear fruit. This is the true meaning of Chinese: people who live in the Chinese world are cold and isolated from the world.

In addition, language does not change objects, but owns them. This is also the difference between material culture and spiritual culture. Material culture puts people's pursuit of perfection on what to be, not what to have; Spiritual culture puts people's pursuit of perfection on the internal conditions of thought and spirit, not on the external environment. Chinese embodies the wisdom and humanistic realm of China people, and it builds a strong spirit, which makes you focus on the development and advantages of human nature itself, rather than animal nature. The speculative nature of China's language prevents you from blindly expanding the thoughts and feelings that make human nature a special kind of dignity, wealth and happiness.

Chinese is culture, not science, and has nothing to do with absolute truth. Chinese reading and writing is not facing the scientific world, but the life world. The vitality of Chinese benefits from jumping out of binary opposition. When traditional philosophy falls into the trap of extreme subjectivism and objectivism, and metaphysics falls into the quagmire of dualism, the China world based on "life world" is a way of life self-salvation. So what China people care about is not the existence of absolute truth, but how to improve human life.

For society, language is a tool of "organization"; For individuals, language is the way of existence. People's vitality benefits from its prerequisite provisions; Benefit from not expressing absoluteness, but expressing the present individual. Therefore, Chinese is improving, growing and living. Life language is not ethical language, not mechanical language. The power of language lies in that it can correct the "self" that has been distorted; It can restore the original knowledge of the world and settle the dignity of life; Because Chinese is alive and present. Death is a dead world view, only care about true and false; What is positive is a positive outlook on life and exploring good and evil.

The difference between college Chinese and professional Chinese. College Chinese is a common language, not a professional language. College Chinese is useful and valuable to ethics. College Chinese provides value ethics and standardizes the daily ethics of applying Chinese. For example, college Chinese can dominate business Chinese and scientific Chinese, but not vice versa. The norm of business language is loyalty, the norm of scientific language is truth, the norm of literary language is beauty, the norm of daily language is goodness ... and the norm of university language is Tao.

In a word, the difference between instrumentality and humanism in college Chinese is that instrumentality is related to the world outlook and humanism is related to the outlook on life. Speaking college Chinese is knowledge related to outlook on life, because it answers that one way of life is noble and the other is humble; It is also because it answers what is the content (goodness) of noble life and the way to realize it. On the contrary, speaking college Chinese is a knowledge about the world outlook, because it answers the unity and purpose of the universe and is regular. The former is a religious and ethical issue, while the latter is a "scientific" issue.

Knowing the humanity of Chinese, we will know how to learn Chinese.