How to understand land power, air power and sea power in geopolitics

Geopolitics is a theory in political geography. It mainly analyzes and predicts the strategic situation of the world or region and the political behavior of the countries concerned according to the geographical elements and the regional form of the political pattern. It regards geographical factors as the basic factors that affect or even determine a country's political behavior. Also known as "geopolitics".

Sea power theory

Alfred thayer mahan, an American naval officer and historian, put forward a set of theories to explain history with the concept of sea power by studying the development of British navy and maritime hegemony. 1890 published the influence of sea power on history 1660- 1783, expounding the theory of sea power. The center of its argument lies in the importance of sea power to national prosperity and security. If a country wants to become a strong country, it must master the ability to move freely in the ocean.

Land right theory

1904, halford mackinder, the originator of British geopolitics, published the article "Geographical Hub of History" and established the land right theory corresponding to sea power. He called the center of Eurasia the hub area, which is the hub of world politics. 19 19 changed the concept of "hub zone" to "heart zone" of "world island", and Europe, Asia and Africa were collectively called "world island". His heartland theory thinks:

Controlling eastern Europe means controlling the heart, controlling the heart means controlling the world island, and controlling the world island means controlling the world.

After World War II, Nicholas Speakman, an American geographer, put forward the corresponding "marginal zone" theory according to the concept of Mackinder's central zone in the 1940s. He believes that both world wars occurred in the fringe, which surpassed the heart in economy and population. Therefore:

Controlling the edge means controlling Eurasia, and controlling Eurasia means controlling the fate of the world.

Empty weight theory

The theory of air power was first put forward by Italian general Giulio Du Hei, who believed that "Heaven" is the shortest distance between two points, and air power can determine the fate of war. 192 1 year, he published the book "air superiority", pointing out that it is necessary to develop a strong air force, compete for air superiority and gain strategic initiative. The air force can destroy the enemy's strategic goal, that is, it can destroy the will to resist without fighting head-on with the army and navy.

In 1950s, according to the important role of the air force in the strategy and the overlapping areas controlled by the air forces of the United States and the Soviet Union, Seversky put forward a theory that the Arctic region is very important for the United States to compete for air superiority, which is called air superiority theory.