Who are the four great talents and four beautiful women in China?

Four gifted scholars: Tang Yin (Tang Bohu), Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing; The story of four beauties: Shi, Wang Zhaojun and Di Xinhe.

One or four great geniuses

1, Tang Yin

Tang Yin (1470- 1523) was a painter and writer in China in the Ming Dynasty. Zi, Bohu, No.6 and other laymen, the owner of the Peach Blossom Temple, claimed to be the first romantic talent in Jiangnan. Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people.

Born into a vendor's family, his father Tang Guangde and his mother Qiu had a bad temper when she was young. When they are young, they should be rich and share their wealth. Later, they went to Beijing for an exam. After they got out of prison, they voted for Ning Wang Zhu. However, when they found out that Zhu had rebellious intentions, they escaped and returned to Suzhou. Since then, I have never given up my career, concentrating on painting and calligraphy, indulging in appearance and unrestrained temperament. ?

He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscape paintings were studied by Chen Zhou in his early years, and then by Li Tang and Liu Songnian. He painted mountains and rivers with a small axe, majestic and steep, but with fine brushwork, dense layout and elegant and handsome style.

Figure paintings are mostly ladies and historical stories, inheriting the tradition of the Tang Dynasty, with clear lines, gorgeous and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling; He is also a freehand brushwork figure, and his pen is concise and interesting. His flower-and-bird paintings are freehand and elegant.

In addition to painting, Tang Yin also engaged in calligraphy, learning from Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy style was fantastic and handsome. There are some paintings that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Riding a Donkey to Home, Singing in the Mountain Road, Mingming, Uncle Wang's Palace Prostitute, Li Duanduanju, Autumn Wind and Fan, and Qiuci Cuan.

In painting, Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Chou Ying are also called "Wumen Fourth Hospital", also known as "Ming Sijia". Poetry, together with Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, is called "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong".

2. Zhu Zhishan

Zhu Zhishan (1460- 1526), whose real name is Xizhe, was named Shan Zhi because his left hand had six fingers at birth, and was also called "Zhu Zhishan" and "Zhu Jingzhao". Changzhou (now Wuxian, Jiangsu) people. Zhu Yunming has shown many artistic talents since he was a child.

At the age of five, you can write big characters, and at the age of nine, you can write poems. Ming Hongzhi for five years (1492) served as the magistrate of Xingning County, Huizhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province. In the first year of Jiajing (1522), the official arrived in Yingtianfu (now Nanjing). In the second year of Jiajing (1523), Li returned due to illness. Jiajing died in the fifth year (1526) at the age of 67.

His family is good at calligraphy and poetry. Among his books, Li, Kai, Xing and Cao all have excellent works, especially the cursive script, and his Wild Grass is praised by the world, saying that "Tang Bohu's painting is just words"; His poems are rich in materials and the words are quite beautiful; His writing style is even more exotic and unrestrained.

Handed down from ancient times, Mo Ben, Cao Shu, Poem of Falling Flowers, Fu to Luoshen and Fu to Front and Back on the Red Wall are his representative works.

He is the author of Huai Xing Tang Ji (30 volumes), Su Cai Bian Xiao, Zhu Xi's criminal knowledge, Reading Notes and Qian Wen Ji. And wrote xingning county annals.

Zhu Zhishan's Six-body Poems and Fu Juan, Du Fu's Cursive Book Juan, Nineteen Ancient Poems, Tang Cursive Book Juan and Han Cursive Book Juan are also masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.

3. Wen Zhiming

(1470.11.28—1559.3.28), formerly known as Bi (or Bi Zuo), was an outstanding painter, calligrapher, Taoist priest and writer in the Ming Dynasty. Since I was forty-two, I have paid more attention to words.

Because there were Hengshan people in the past, it was named "Hengshan lay man" and "Wenhengshan" in the world. Han nationality, from Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Because the official went to the Hanlin to wait for the imperial edict, he personally worshipped Mr. Zhen, so he was called "Wen Hou Zhao" and "Zheng Wenxian".

Like Zhu He, Ning Wang hired him because he admired his virtue, but refused to go because of illness. In Zheng De's last years, due to the recommendation of 20-year-old Gong Sheng, he awarded Hanlin a letter to be written. He didn't care about dignitaries, especially refused to paint for princes and middle-level officials, and soon resigned and returned to China. And "Fu Tian Ji".

Wen Zhiming's calligraphy and painting attainments are extremely comprehensive, and he is known as the "four unique talents". Poets Bai Juyi and Su Shi were educated in Wu Kuan, studied in Liying Town and studied painting in Shenyang.

Together with Shen Zhou, it created the "Wu School". In the history of painting, they are called "Ming Sijia" together with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Chou Ying. In poetry, with Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin, Xu Zhenqing? Also known as "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong".

4. Xu Zhenqing

Xu Zhenqing (1479-151year) was born in Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), a native of Meili Town, Changshu, and later moved to Wuxian.

The writer of Ming Dynasty, known as "the poet of Wuzhong", is one of the four gifted scholars in Wuzhong (also known as the four gifted scholars in Jiangnan). It is famous for the quatrains of "every family in Jiangzuo, flowers and trees in Yangzhou in foggy month".

Xu Zhenqing 16 years old wrote Qian Xin Ji. However, in his early years, he tried again and again. After reading Li Sao, he wrote a collection of sighs. In the fourteenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (150 1 year), he wrote "You Jiang Ji"; In the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1503), Wen Zhiming co-edited New Records of Taihu Lake;

In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505), when he heard of the invasion of Tatar, the officers and men failed in the war of resistance against Japan, and he also wrote a long poem "You Yu Tai". In the same year, Jinshi was forbidden to join Hanlin because of his ugly appearance, and was awarded the deputy position of Dali Zuosi. In the fifth year of Ming Dynasty (15 10), he was demoted to Dr. imperial academy.

Xu Zhenqing believed in Taoism in his later years and studied health preservation. In the sixth year of Ming Dynasty (15 1 1), Zheng De died in the capital at the age of 33. Among the four gifted scholars, he died the earliest and enjoyed the shortest life. Xu Zhenqing's other works include The Land, Yi Wen (this book is a libel, but it is a false accusation) and Lin Yi. ?

Second, the four beauties

1, stone

History (year of birth and death unknown, died in the first 473 years). His real name is Shi Yiguang, a beautiful woman of Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period. People generally call him Shi. Later generations respectfully called him "Xi Zi" and was born in Zhuluo Village (now Zhuluo Village, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.

Born in poverty, she played by the river with her mother since she was a child, so she was also called "the girl playing with yarn". Born beautiful, charming and outstanding, she is the embodiment and synonym of beauty. ?

After the defeat of the Wu War, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, adopted the fourth style of writing, namely, "nine methods of attacking Wu" and "studying in the United States to confuse his heart and his plan", and won Shihe at the foot of Zhuluo Mountain. And build a beauty palace in Tucheng Mountain, teach song and dance etiquette, decorate with Luo, teach tolerance, learn from Tucheng, and be close to.

After three years of study, Fan Li was introduced to the King of Wu. Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, was very happy. He built Gusutai, a pavilion and a baby's palace, and put his two daughters in the pepper flower room. He is debauched, bohemian, and has a special liking for stones. After Gou Jian destroyed Wu, Shi followed the five lakes and had nowhere to go. You said you died in the river, and you said you would go back to Huanjiang and die in the mountains.

The stories of Xi, Wang Zhaojun, Diophantine and Yang Yuhuan are also called "the four beauties in ancient China", among which the first one is considered. The four beauties enjoy the reputation of "sinking fish and falling geese, closing the moon and putting flowers to shame". Among them, Sinking Fish is a classic legend of Xi Shi Huan Sha.

2. Wang Zhaojun

Wang Zhaojun (about 52 BC-BC 19) was born in Zigui (now Xingshan County, Yichang City, Hubei Province). His name is Zhaojun (the word Zhaojun is not literal), and he is also known as one of the four beautiful women in ancient China with the stories of Dixin, Shi and Shi. The idiom "sinking fish and falling geese" and "the painter abandoned the market" recorded her life story.

In the Jin Dynasty, people avoided Si Mazhao, namely Fei Ming and Wang Mingjun.

Wang Zhaojun was a palace maid in the Han and Yuan Dynasties, and later married Uhaanyehe, a Hun. Wang Zhaojun maintained the stability of Sino-Hungarian relations for half a century, and the story of "Zhaojun leaving the fortress" spread through the ages.

3. the story of diusim

The story of diusim comes from Xinzhou, Shanxi. She was a singer of Stuart Wang Yun in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. She is very beautiful and has a charming appearance. Seeing that the Eastern Han Dynasty was manipulated by treacherous court official Dong Zhuo, she burned incense and prayed under the moon, willing to share her worries with her master. Wang Yun saw that Dong Zhuo was going to usurp the Eastern Han Dynasty and set up a series of stratagems.

Wang Yunxian secretly promised Lu Bu the story of Diusim, and then Ming dedicated the story of Diusim to Dong Zhuo. Lyu3 bu4 hero boy, Dong Zhuo cunning. In order to win over Lu Bu, Dong Zhuo accepted Lu Bu as his adopted son.

Both of them are lecherous. From then on, the story of Diusim moved between them, winking at Lu Bu and rewarding Dong Zhuo's charm. The two of them were fascinated.

After listening to Dong Zhuo's story, Lu Bu was dissatisfied with her throwing her into the house. One day, Lu Bu took Dong Zhuo to court, visited the Story of Diusim in Dong Zhuo's mansion, and invited Feng Yiting to meet him. The story of Diusim met Lu Bu, who pretended to cry and said that he was occupied by Dong Zhuo. Lu Bu was very angry.

At this time, Dong Zhuo ran into him when he returned to the office. In a rage, he grabbed Lu Bu's square painting halberd and stabbed it. Lu Bu flew away. After that, the two men were suspicious of each other, and Wang Yun persuaded Lu Bu to eradicate Dong Zhuo. There is Feng Yi Ting in Beijing Opera, which tells this story.

"Closed Moon" is synonymous with the story of Diusim. The story of Diusim was in the back garden of Yue Bai when a breeze suddenly blew and a cloud covered the bright moon. At this time, Yun3 just saw it.

In order to publicize how beautiful her daughter is, Wang Yun told everyone that my daughter is more beautiful than the moon, but the moon can't, so she quickly hid behind the cloud. Therefore, Deusim's story is called "The moon is closed".

4. Yang Yuhuan

Yang Yuhuan (765438+June 22-July 200915,756), the figures are too real. Rich in appearance, good at singing and dancing, fluent in melody, court musician and dancer in Tang Dynasty. Her musical talent is rare among the queens of past dynasties, and she is one of the four beauties in ancient China.

She was born in an official family, and her father, Yang Xuanyan, was a manager in Zhou Shu.

She is the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the first princess Li Mao. After being ordered to become a monk, she was canonized as a imperial concubine by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In the 15th year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan rebelled, followed Li Longji out of Yanmenguan Chang 'an and went into exile in Shu, passing through Maweigang, where Yang Yuhuan died on June 14th (Gregorian calendar 15).

Legend has it that when Yang Yuhuan first entered the palace, he was sad all day because he couldn't see the king. Once, she and the ladies-in-waiting went to the palace to enjoy flowers, and accidentally met the mimosa, and the leaves of the grass immediately rolled up.

Ladies-in-waiting all say that this is the beauty of Yang Yuhuan, which makes the flowers and plants feel ashamed and ashamed. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty heard that there was a "beauty who was ashamed of flowers" in the palace, and immediately summoned her and made her the imperial concubine. Since then, "shame on flowers" has become Yang Guifei's nickname.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Great Talents

Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Beautiful Women in Ancient China