Wuyi's Wuyi characteristics

The history of Wuyi people going abroad can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Tang Xizong worked for six years (AD 879), and new people followed Arab businessmen to Sumatra. Since then, groups of Wuyi people have made a living overseas. Jiangmen City is one of the key hometown of overseas Chinese in China, and it is also called the three major hometown of overseas Chinese with Chaoshan and Minnan areas. According to the latest overseas Chinese survey, there are more than 3 million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan living in Wuyi, Jiangmen, covering five continents 100 countries and regions, most of which are located in North America and Central America. Overseas Chinese have thrived overseas and made their own contributions to the prosperity of their host countries. Among them, a large number of outstanding politicians, diplomats, entrepreneurs and scientists have emerged, such as Canadian Governor Wu and American governor of washington Locke.

Overseas Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao have a glorious tradition of loving their country and their hometown. They have built a large number of public welfare undertakings such as schools, hospitals, nursing homes, kindergartens, theaters, libraries, bridges, highways, water supply projects and the Overseas Chinese Federation Building. Also set up a fund to support students and respect the elderly. They have benefited the whole village and played a positive role in promoting our reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

In recent years, the e-commerce industry in Wuyi area has developed rapidly, and two e-commerce projects, Alibaba 1688 Jiangmen Industrial Belt and Alibaba 1688 Jiangmen Station, have been launched, which quickly promoted the upgrading of local enterprises and effectively promoted the development of e-commerce.

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, especially with the further adjustment of China's industrial structure, governments at all levels have issued a series of preferential policies to optimize the investment environment and enhance the confidence of foreign businessmen to come back to invest. Jiangmen Wuyi hometown of overseas Chinese has become a hot spot for overseas Chinese and foreign investment. Up to now, 25 countries and regions have invested in the hometown of overseas Chinese in Wuyi, Jiangmen, including Hongkong, Macau, Taiwan Province, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Singapore and France. , involving more than 20 industries and thousands of products. The main industries are textiles, chemicals, machinery, electronics, communication equipment, plastics and products, building materials, leather and products, food, wood and agriculture. The joint investment of overseas Chinese businessmen and foreign businessmen in Wuyi, Jiangmen has had a chain effect. A number of large consortia, large enterprises, large trading companies and multinational companies have successively invested in Wuyi. At present, 13 of the world's top 500 enterprises have settled in Jiangmen, and overseas Chinese-funded enterprises have become a new force that cannot be ignored in the economic construction of overseas Chinese hometown.

Jiangmen is a city with many foreign exchanges. It has established sister-city relations with cities in many countries, such as Riverside City in the United States, and receives a large number of tourists from the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Spain and other places every year.

Jiangmen Wuyi is also a window from which China's excellent culture and traditions spread all over the world. At the same time, the vast number of overseas Chinese have also brought back excellent cultures and advanced technologies from all over the world to China, building a bridge of friendship, economy, trade, science and technology between China and foreign countries, and making great contributions to the development of China and the host country and to world peace. Xinhui tangerine peel, artificial cordyceps sinensis, chrysanthemum tea, tangerine peel Pu 'er tea, mulberry wine, Zhou Enqishi tea set, sword flower, sunflower fan, dried Chinese cabbage, Guanghe sesame oil fermented bean curd, and Niudali.

Off the sea, Kaiping live garlic, Taishan shrimp sauce, Kaiping sufu, soup and jackpot, ancient Mianchi, dried tangerine peel cake 1

When did Cantonese Opera "camp" on this land? Was it 100 years ago or nearly 400 years ago?

No one can give a definite answer. Several enthusiastic old opera fans invariably pointed out the maze: Dongguan Road in Xinhui left the only stone platform in Wuyi in the Ming Dynasty.

Crossing two busy roads, I came to the stone platform of Huicheng East Road, and suddenly my eyes shone. The tall stage is located in front of the house, and the antique screen depicts various opera roles. The spacious "gathering of heroes" is divided into two doors: "leaving the generals" and "entering the phase". There is no need to look carefully. This is the most typical stage. In front of the stone platform stands a stone tablet: the stone platform was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. 1995 was included in the third batch of cultural relics protection units in Xinhui. With a flick of a finger, the stone stage has a history of more than 400 years

Lin Wenbin, deputy director of Xinhui local museum, told the reporter that the stone platform was built in the 27th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1599) and was the center of Huicheng more than 400 years ago. According to the article "Customs" in Volume II of the Ming Wanli Xinhui County Records, "In the past, Yuncheng was still popular with zaju, but now the countryside is prosperous. By the Ming Dynasty, drama performance had been divided into three categories ... "Zaju" was the earliest and most mature opera art form in China, which was popular in Dadu (now Beijing) in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

Lin, a local historian of Xinhui, said in combination with local chronicles that the stone platform is an appendage of Guandi Temple (opposite the stone platform is Guandi Temple, which has now been demolished). Every year, a grand celebration is held for Guandi's birthday, and a troupe is often invited to perform for a few days.

Therefore, as early as the Ming Dynasty, the stone stage used for drama performance had already played an important role. So, does the zaju performed on the stone stage include Cantonese opera?

Li Rixing, a researcher at China National Studies Association and a professor at Wuyi University, denied this statement. "Cantonese opera is one of the many local operas that rose after the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Tracing back to the origin of Cantonese Opera, Kuang Xinhua, a famous singer in Kaiping, as the pioneer of Cantonese Opera, established the first Cantonese Opera Hall-Bahe Hall in Guangzhou, marking the rise of Guangfu Opera. Then, during the Revolution of 1911, Ban bid farewell to the history of singing in "Opera House Mandarin" and began to sing in Guangzhou dialect, entering the era of Cantonese opera with a strong Cantonese flavor.

However, many officials believe that Cantonese opera has a history of 300-400 years. In 2009, after Cantonese Opera became the world's "Intangible Heritage Project", Huang Bin, head of the Social and Cultural Section of the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture, was interviewed by reporters after Cantonese Opera successfully won the first world's "Intangible Heritage Project" in 2009: "There are 9 major schools of Cantonese Opera with a history of nearly 400 years ..."

Whether the answer is 100 years or nearly 400 years, we can't deny that Cantonese opera has a kind of magic, which has been deeply rooted in Wuyi area and in some people's lives.

2 Ascending

Scenes of history have passed, leaving a mysterious topic: why can Wuyi people be unique on the stage of Cantonese opera?

Because it is a precious cultural relic, the stone stage can only sing on holidays. Obviously, the noise of the past has long been in blowing in the wind, standing under the resplendent screen, surrounded by so calm, melodious Cantonese rhyme echoing in the ear, from near to far.

Imagine that 100 years ago, Cantonese opera was brewing an ice-breaking game, led by Kuang Xinhua, a native of Pancun Village, Shuikou Town, Kaiping.

According to historical records, during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Cantonese opera was banned 10 years because Li led actors to respond to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising. In order to survive, actors are looking for a way out. In the seventh year of Tongzhi, Rui Lin, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, celebrated his mother's birthday. The drama Taibai He Fan by Guangdong Banwusheng Kuang Xinhua and Hua Dan Gou Bizhang was highly appreciated by the guests. Kuang Xinhua and Gou Bizhang took the opportunity to ask Rui Lin to lift the ban, wrote to the court and got permission.

Kuang Xinhua raised his arm and the actors responded. A few years later, the Cantonese Opera Hall-Bahe Hall was established in Guangzhou.

After the Revolution of 1911, Cantonese opera gradually reached its peak. Theaters all over Wuyi have mushroomed. According to the book Overview of Wuyi Opera,191-1925, there were performances all over Wuyi all the year round. 19 13, Jiangmen built the Datong Theater, which specializes in Cantonese opera, and will soon build the Puqing Theater for Ruan overseas Chinese in Taishan. Seven or eight theaters have been built in Chikan and Sanbu in Kaiping, which have become the performance places for famous classes from various provinces and Hong Kong.

The rich drama soil and stage have created a group of actors. Following Kuang Xinhua, famous Wuyi Cantonese opera artists Chen Feinong (Waihai), Tan Lanqing (Xinhui Shuangshui), Liao Huaixia (Hetang) and Ye Furuo (Taishan) became famous actors in 1930s. Fang Yanfen, a native of Enping, created the original "Fang Qiang", which was highly respected in the Cantonese opera circle and was in the limelight for a while. Wen Wusheng, musicians and Hua Dan in large and small troupes in the province are all from Wuyi area, which is even more difficult to count.

From the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, the laws of "each troupe must have four people" and "without four people, there is no troupe" are recognized by Cantonese opera circles.

Since the founding of New China, Xin Nahong, who was born in a family of Liyuan in Kaiping, has performed nearly 100 Cantonese operas and made more than 90 films, successfully shaping the artistic images of all kinds of women at all times and in all countries. She created a unique "red tune", which has been popular for half a century and has become a renowned master of Cantonese opera at home and abroad.

Scenes of history have passed, leaving a mysterious topic: why can Wuyi people be unique on the stage of Cantonese opera?

In this regard, Li Rixing believes that, on the one hand, the cultural heritage of Quyi in Wuyi area is profound. After Cantonese opera was sung, a large number of traditional Cantonese songs, such as Muyu, Dragon Boat, Cantonese and Nanyin, which were loved by the masses, were absorbed into Cantonese opera, making it a local opera full of Cantonese, Cantonese rhyme and southern Cantonese culture. Since then, the exquisite vocals in Cantonese opera have been separated from Cantonese opera in the process of circulation, widely sung by the masses, and folk partnerships have become popular. On the other hand, in the past, the living conditions in Wuyi area were harsh and life was difficult. At that time, making a living by art and singing opera was a sunny way out.

Situ Pei, a member of the Chinese Dramatists Association and vice chairman of Jiangmen Dramatists Association, told reporters that Wuyi people are open-minded, tolerant and enterprising. They are very receptive to Cantonese opera, which is open and compatible. At the same time, Wuyi is a water town with a profound mass base of folk songs and folk arts. Since ancient times, the "Red Boat" has been performed in various places as a means of transportation.

Two experts mentioned the same reason-the profound cultural heritage of Quyi. In 2002, Taishan, Kaiping and Xinhui were awarded "Hometown of Chinese Quyi" by China Quxie.

3 trends

If the troupe continues to decline sharply and a generation of audiences get old, will Cantonese opera disappear in the future?

At night, when the lights are on, the stone platform is silent, but the squares around the city are very lively. Cantonese opera and Quyi troupes all over Wuyi are committed to creating and performing in major communities. Jiangmen Cantonese Opera Troupe, the largest Cantonese Opera Troupe in Wuyi, has been performing in the community for several days and is surrounded everywhere.

Hua, a national first-class actor and master of Jiangmen Cantonese Opera, is obviously used to such a scene. She is very calm on the stage, a tone, an action, a style, and every sentence is conveyed. At the end of the song, the sound is lingering.

Facing the crowd outside, Yu doesn't think that the current Cantonese opera market has returned to the past. "There are a lot of people watching and enjoying themselves, but not many people are really willing to pay for it. The market where one ticket was hard to find in the past is gone forever. Cantonese opera has been hit by all aspects, and the market path is getting narrower and narrower. Over the years, our troupe has mainly relied on some big bosses to invite us to perform, which is very bitter and difficult. Sometimes running Hong Kong, Macao and other cities in the Pearl River Delta can last. "

An indisputable data can fully prove Yu's concern: according to the figures provided by Jiangmen Music Association, there have been more than 70 professional Cantonese opera troupes and more than 120 amateur troupes in Wuyi area since liberation. At present, the number of troupes active in the market has dropped sharply to more than 10.

If the troupe continues to decline sharply and a generation of audiences get old, will Cantonese opera disappear in the future?

"No, Cantonese opera is the Cantonese dialect opera art created by Guangfu people. As long as Cantonese exists, Cantonese opera will not disappear. However, with the development of modern technology and culture, it will be more and more closely combined with film and television and the Internet. The forms of scriptwriting, performance and communication may change, and new Cantonese opera art forms may emerge. " Li Rixing said.

"It won't disappear. China is stepping into an aging society. The physical characteristics of the elderly show that they like slow-paced music. Cantonese opera is the softest culture in people's hearts. " Li Tianlong, deputy head of Xinhui Cantonese Opera Troupe, said that he has been performing for 40 years.

The past is like smoke. With the changes of the times, the "Cantonese Opera", which took off its gorgeous coat, gradually became silent like the night. However, there are more than 200 furniture bureaus in Wuyi, Jiangmen, and it is unwilling to be lonely. The next morning, in the corner of the park we passed on our way to work, we still heard that touching little song, and the whole city recovered the color of the day.

Yes, groups of Wuyi people are continuing their love for Cantonese opera and will continue to nourish this hot spot of celebrities.