What are the main tectonic movements in the geological history of China? I feel that this book is incomplete. thank you

A new Archean folding movement. Wutai Group is in angular unconformity contact with the underlying upper subgroup of Fuping Group (Longquan Guan Group). Its time limit is 2.6 billion years. Fuping movement has a wide influence in Archean metamorphic rock area of North China, which generally deformed Fuping Group and older strata, resulting in regional metamorphism dominated by amphibolite facies, accompanied by a large number of granitic magma emplacement. In addition to Wutai-Taihang Mountain area, the angle unconformity caused by it also includes the angle unconformity between Lvliang Group and the underlying Hekou Group in Lvliang Mountain area, and the angle unconformity between Jiangxian Group and the underlying Sushui Complex in Zhongtiaoshan Mountain area. Yinshan, Yanshan, Liaodong, Jinan, Shandong, western Henan and Xiaoqinling are the same. Anshan Movement and Songyang Movement were in the same period.

Lvliang Movement (Revolution).

The strong tectonic movement between Proterozoic Hutuo Group and Mesoproterozoic Great Wall Group made Li Siguang famous in 1933. Also known as Lvliang transform. In Zhongtiaoshan, Liaodong, Shandong and Erdos, there are unconformities representing the Lvliang movement. Its time limit is about/kloc-0.8 billion years ago and/kloc-0.7 billion years ago, which can be regarded as the first act (main act) and the second act (final act) respectively. The Zhongyue movement is equivalent to it.

Jinning movement

A tectonic movement in the middle Neoproterozoic. P. Misch was founded in 1942. It is determined according to the obvious angular unconformity between Chengjiang sandstone in South China and Lower Kunyang Group in Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic in central and eastern Yunnan. This movement took place about 800 million years ago. Kunyang Group is seriously folded, and Chengjiang Formation is formed by post-orogenic molasse. This unconformity is widespread in South China. Qianchengjiang Movement, Southern Anhui Movement, Xiuning Movement and Xuefeng Movement are all equivalent to it.

Tectonic movements since Paleozoic tend to use world-recognized terms, namely:

Caledonian orogeny

Generally speaking, it refers to the crustal movement from Silurian to Devonian in the early Paleozoic, which belongs to the main orogenic curtain in the early Paleozoic. A term commonly used in Europe to describe early Paleozoic deformation. Named after Gary Dongshan in Scotland, England. Silurian and earlier strata were strongly folded, which showed obvious unconformity contact with the overlying Devonian system. Caledonian movement extended from Ireland and Scotland to the northeast, southeast and west to Scandinavia. The traditional Caledonian movement only refers to the early Paleozoic orogeny, and the typical orogeny era should be close to the end of Silurian. Some people think that Caledonian movement includes orogeny and land-building movement. Stiller (1924) and many people used this word in an orogenic period, including a series of pulsations from Ordovician to Silurian or even later, and divided it into three tectonic episodes, namely, Taco Stage (between Ordovician and Silurian), Ardennes Stage (within Silurian) and Elian Stage (within Silurian). The early Paleozoic orogeny was caused by the closure of the Petas Ocean (primitive Atlantic Ocean) between the Laurene ancient land, Gondwana ancient land and the Baltic ancient land. This kind of crust remains can be seen in Greenland, Ireland, Scotland and Scandinavia.

Hercynian orogeny

Also known as the Variscan orogeny. Generally speaking, it refers to the late Paleozoic orogeny in Europe, which lasted from devonian period to the end of Permian. Some people think that this movement began in the late Devonian and continued throughout the Carboniferous. Some people think that the Paleozoic orogenic period includes the whole Carboniferous and Permian. In 1924, Wilhelm Hans stille, a German geologist, divided this orogenic period into five tectonic episodes: the Bretton period, from the late Devonian to the end of Devonian; Between Early Carboniferous and Late Carboniferous; Asturi (Late Carboniferous), between Westphalia and Stephanie; Between the early Permian and the late Permian, at the end of the Permian. There are two schools of thought about the usage of the terms Hercynian and Walikaze in Europe: German geologists use Hercynian to describe the NW-trending fold belt in Europe, but do not give the concept of Hercynian time, and use Walikaze when talking about time; Geologists in France and Switzerland use Hercynian to indicate time, so when talking about the age of crystalline rocks in the northern Alps, they use Hercynian instead of Variscan.

Indian zhina Movement

Indosinian movement, also known as Indosinian tectonic period, is a tectonic period from late Permian to Triassic (257-205Ma), during which Indosinian movement occurred in present-day China and its surrounding areas. French geologist Gromaiger (1934) first put forward the concept of Indosinian movement when studying Vietnamese strata. After Huang's advocacy, this concept has also been widely used in China. At first, the Indosinian movement only refers to the tectonic movement manifested by the angular unconformity between the Middle Triassic and the Upper Triassic strata in Indochina Peninsula and South China of China, but now the tectonic movement from Late Permian to Triassic has been collectively called the Indosinian movement, named after the Indian zhina Peninsula. The fold belt formed in this period is called Indosinian fold belt. In the first half of the 20th century, many geologists in China did a lot of research on the crustal movement in this period, and named it Xiangshan Movement, Genkou Movement and Huaiyang Movement respectively. For this movement, some people think it belongs to the late Hercynian movement, while others think it belongs to the early Yanshan movement. 1945, Huang divided the alpine movement into three cycles: Indosinian, Yanshan and Himalayan. The Indosinian Movement had a great influence on the development of paleogeographic environment in China, and changed the situation of "the South China Sea and the Northern Land" before the Middle Triassic. The folds of "Snow Mountain Trough" including western Sichuan, Gansu and southern Qinghai all rose. The seawater retreated to southern Xinjiang, Tibet and western Yunnan, still belonging to the Tethys sea area; The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and most parts of South China have changed from shallow sea to land. Since then, the northern and southern lands of China have been integrated, and most parts of the country are in a land environment.

Yanshan movement (Yanshan movement)

Yanshan movement is an important tectonic movement that widely occurred in various parts of China in Jurassic and Cretaceous, mainly manifested in the changes of folds and faults, magmatic eruption intrusion and metamorphism in some areas. The intensity and manifestation of Yanshan movement in different structural parts are obviously different. For example, in eastern China and East Asia near the Pacific Ocean, the tectonic deformation and magmatic activity have an increasingly strong evolution law from west to east. Crustal movement and tectonic changes are characterized by long-term multi-scene unity and gradual and intense alternation, and magmatic eruption and intrusion activities are multi-stage. Weng Wenhao (1927) was named after the Yanshan Mountains, which originally represented unconformity, igneous activity and mineralization in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. 1929, Weng divided the Yanshan movement into two scenes, A and B, which respectively represented the unconformity of Qianqishan Formation and Qianwangshi Formation. Xie (1936, 1937) is divided into five periods, which are respectively represented by unconformity or false integration of Qianmentou Formation, Qianjiulongshan Formation, Qiandonglingtai Formation, Qiantoli Formation and Qianchangxindian Formation. Huang (1945) thinks that the first act of Xie belongs to the Indosinian cycle, and divides the Xishan area of Beijing into three acts: the former Jiulongshan Formation and the Pianjishan Formation, the former Tori Formation and the former Changxindian Formation. Later (1960), Huang divided the Yanshan movement in eastern China into five periods, which was considered as the main orogenic movement in eastern China, Russian Far East and Siberia. Geology of China (1999) divides the Jurassic-Cretaceous Yanshan movement into early and late stages: in eastern China, the two stages are divided by Yixian Formation in western Liaoning, Donglingtai Formation in Xishan, Beijing and the rocks at the same time (which is a clear and extensive tectonic movement interface), and two regional tectonic episodes are divided in the middle and late stages; The western part of China is divided into early and late stages corresponding to Jurassic stage and Cretaceous stage, and further divided into four tectonic episodes, which is quite similar to the two-stage and four-episode division in the east. Yanshan period is an important deformation period, diagenetic and metallogenic period in China, and it is also the formation period and transformation period of the basic structural framework in China. It is not only an important crustal movement in China, but also has an important influence on the whole Pacific Rim and even some Tethys belts, so Yanshan movement should be an important intercontinental tectonic movement.

Himalayan movement (Himalayan movement)

1945 was created and used by Huang. This movement has had a great influence on the geographical environment of Asia. Island arcs in West Asia, the Middle East, the Himalayas, western Myanmar, Malaysia and the western Pacific Ocean, including the island of Taiwan Province Province in China, have all been formed, and the ancient Mediterranean between China and India has disappeared. In this movement, the height difference between the east and the west of China increased, the monsoon circulation strengthened, and the natural geographical environment showed obvious regional differentiation: the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was the highest plateau in the world, and the tertiary tropical and subtropical environment was replaced by high mountains and deserts; The northwest of China is in an arid environment due to the increasing inland; The east becomes a humid monsoon region. Generally speaking, the Himalayan movement is divided into three acts: the first act took place at the end of Eocene and the beginning of Oligocene, and the Qinghai-Tibet region became land and turned into denudation area; The second act took place in Miocene, with large-scale crustal uplift, accompanied by large-scale fracture and magmatic activity; The third act took place at the end of Pliocene and the beginning of Pleistocene, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a whole rose strongly, forming a modern geomorphic pattern. The elevation of all the mountains and plateaus in China today is mainly the result of rising since the third act of Himalayan Movement.

Neotectonic movement (neotectonic movement)

The so-called neotectonic movement is relative to the tectonic movement in geological history, and its lower limit has different understandings. Some people say that it has been called neotectonic movement since Pliocene, others say that it has been called neotectonic movement since Quaternary (the lower limit of Quaternary is also different, which is set as 1.64Ma abroad and 2.48Ma in China now), while others think that it is only a few thousand years or tens of thousands of years, which is directly related to human survival and activities.