What does it mean to be a theater inheritor? What kind of qualifications do you need to have in order to be called a theater inheritor?

The importance of inheritors in the protection of traditional theater has been highly valued by the government. In the two batches of 777 representative inheritors of national intangible cultural heritage announced by the State Council, there are 304 representative inheritors of traditional theater. Among them, there are the inheritors of such widely influential big operas as Kunqu, Peking Opera, Qinqiang, Yu Opera, Ping Opera and Yue Opera, as well as the inheritors of such regional folk operas as Flower Drums, Flower Lanterns, Yangge, Daoxiang and the inheritors of such ethnic minority operas as Tibetan Opera, Bai Opera, Dai Opera, Dong Opera, etc. The inheritors of these operas have been recognized by the State Council as the representative inheritors of the national intangible cultural heritage. According to the original regulations, each national intangible cultural heritage protection program can only have two representative inheritors. While it is relatively easy to select one or two representative inheritors for small operas, it is more difficult to do so for large operas. There are different performing styles in the big styles, such as Sheng, Dan, Jing, Hou and Chou, and the styles are divided into different schools, so it is obvious that assessing two inheritors is not in line with the actual needs of the inheritance of the art of Chinese opera. The leaders of the evaluation committee listened to the opinions of the opera experts and increased the quota of representative inheritors of the major operatic genres in the revised evaluation criteria. As a result, 24 representative inheritors, including Mei Baojiu, Tan Yuanshou, Shang Changrong and Li Shiji, have been identified for Beijing opera alone, while eight others, including Yuan Xuefen of Shanghai and Mao Weitao of Zhejiang, have been selected for Yueju opera.

Opera is a comprehensive performing art, and the way of its inheritance includes individual inheritance by masters and apprentices, family inheritance by fathers, mothers and daughters, as well as collective inheritance by classes and schools. According to the diversity of opera inheritance, the revised evaluation standard for the inheritors has the provision of "tracing the relationship between masters and disciples for more than three generations", and at the same time, the condition of "having more than 30 years of experience in the art" has been added to the qualification. Nevertheless, from the point of view of the representative inheritors of traditional drama who have passed the evaluation, their representativeness is still very limited. These inheritors, the vast majority of actors, engaged in music design of two people, screenwriting, directing, stage art, none; in the actors and actresses in the role of raw and Dan actor is the main role, the role of pure, ugly actors are very few. This also reflects the actuality of our country's opera team, the lack of actors and clown talent, the lack of creative team of screenwriters, directors, music design, stage art design. To put a play on the opera stage and pass it on, we need a performance group, we need all aspects of creative talents; the inheritance of an opera is even more inseparable from the collective inheritance. The lack of talent is an important constraint on the inheritance and development of opera.

The representative bearer of national intangible cultural heritage projects should bear six responsibilities and obligations: First, without violating the confidentiality system and intellectual property rights of the premise, to the provincial cultural administrative departments to provide the project operating procedures, technical specifications, raw material requirements, technical essentials of the intangible cultural heritage information; second is to formulate the project inheritance plan and objectives and tasks, reported to the administrative department for the record of culture; third is to strive to Engaged in the production of intangible cultural heritage, creation, to provide high-quality intangible cultural heritage works and achievements; four is to carry out the inheritance work, unreservedly teach skills, training of successors; five is to actively participate in exhibitions, demonstrations, education, seminars, exchanges, and other activities; six is to submit a report on the inheritance of the project to the provincial cultural administrative departments. Opera is a highly integrated art form, the inheritance of a play requires a performing group of artistic talents in various aspects, such as screenwriters, actors, directors, music, choreography and so on. As far as the actors are concerned, there are also various trades such as Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou, etc., and there are also different artistic genres in the trades. Therefore, as far as the representative inheritor of the opera is concerned, the third and fourth items are particularly important, first of all, to teach the skills they have mastered to the younger generation, so that there will be successors.

The core of the protection of traditional drama is the inheritor, so how to protect the representative inheritor of traditional drama? First of all, we should give the inheritors personal honor, so that they can be respected by the society and the world, enhance the inheritors of the work of self-confidence and pride, so that the inheritors can be more active in the intangible cultural heritage protection work; at the same time, but also to give them the burden of passing on the history and culture and the protection of intangible cultural heritage responsibility. The state and governments at all levels should care about their work and life, and provide favorable conditions for their life and work. At present, the basic salary, medical insurance and other basic living conditions of the inheritors of some localities and some types of dramas have not been solved, not to mention the conditions for the inheritance of the art, especially in economically backward areas, this problem is particularly prominent.

The announcement of the representative bearer of the national intangible cultural heritage projects has aroused widespread concern and support in society as a whole, and is of great significance to the promotion of our country's excellent traditional opera culture, the promotion of the prosperous development of opera, to meet the needs of the people's theater, and to promote the coordinated development of the socio-economic situation.

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