What are the basic types of enterprise organizational structure?

The basic types of enterprise organizational structure mainly include linear structure, functional structure, linear functional structure and matrix structure.

Linear structure: Linear structure is the simplest and most basic organizational form and the oldest organizational structure. The so-called "straight line" means that under this organizational structure, power flows, transfers and decomposes directly from the top, and reaches the bottom of the organization through several management levels.

Functional structure: functional organizational structure is also called U-shaped organization or multi-linear organizational structure. The functional structure originated from the organizational structure established when Fa Yuer was the general manager of his coal mine company at the beginning of this century, so it is also called "Fa Yuer Model". It is a division of labor according to functions, that is, from top to bottom, enterprises combine management businesses and their personnel who undertake the same functions and set up corresponding management departments and positions.

Linear functional structure: linear functional organizational structure is the most common structural form of modern enterprises, which is more suitable for large and medium-sized enterprises. The characteristics of this organizational structure are: based on a straight line, corresponding functional departments, such as sales, supply, finance and other departments, are set up under administrative heads at all levels to engage in professional management, as the staff of the administrative heads at that level, and the structural model of combining unified command of the heads with staff guidance of functional departments is implemented.

Matrix structure: the term matrix organizational structure sounds very academic, but it is actually a higher-level organizational structure model. Simply put, in a large enterprise organization, in order to complete a special task, the organization set up another project team to cooperate with the original organization and cross in parallel. This situation is the form of matrix organization.

Advantages of functional organizational structure

Taking functional departments as the main body to undertake project tasks can give full play to the advantages of centralized resources of functional departments, which is conducive to ensuring the supply of resources needed for enterprise production and operation and the quality of operating results; Professionals in the same functional department can communicate and support each other easily, which is very helpful for solving technical problems creatively.

When a department member is transferred from the department or resigned, the functional department can send more personnel to maintain business continuity; Department members can integrate the completion of business work with the completion of departmental functions, which can reduce the uncertainty brought to members by the temporary nature of business.

The functional structure is mainly suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises with relatively single product variety, slow development and change of production technology and relatively stable external environment. This kind of enterprise has relatively simple management, fewer departments, less difficulty in horizontal coordination and lower requirements for adaptability, so the shortcomings of its functional structure are not prominent, but its advantages can be fully exerted.